REVISED  EDITION. 

THE 


A  NEW  AND  IMPROVED  SYSTEM  OF 

HANDLING  AND  EDUCATING  THE  HORSE 

Togetlier  -svith  Diseases  aud  their  Treatment. 


BY  YORK  &  WILLIAMS. 


ALSO,~A  TREATISE  on  SHOEING  ;  EDUCATING  CATTLF 
and  Do^S!,  with  Hints  on  Stable  Mra}a-en^<:r.t. 


EIlADrOiiB.  Vr.; 

A-  A.  EAKLK.  BOOK  AND  J^:'I>  PKIXJ' 


TO  PURCHASERS. 

Persons  buying  this  work  have  every  riglit  of 
using,  but  no  rigiit  of  teacliing,  or  transferring  to 
otliers,  the  book  or  its  contents.  By  so  doing 
tliey  will  lay  tliemselves  liable  to  prosecution. 


Entered  accordinoc  to  Act  of  Congi'ess  in  the  year  A.  I),  1866,  by 
York  &.  Williams,  in  the  office  of  the  District  Court  for  tlie; 
^*uitvict  of  Vermont- 


Tiie  writer  of  tliis  little  work,  entitled  The 
HoESEMAN'S  Guide  and  Fakriee,  lias  made  it 
liis  constant  business  for  a  term  of  years  of  teacli- 
ino-  one  of  the  best  systems  by  wliicli  to  handle 
wild  and  vicious  horses  that  has  ever  been  intro- 
duced into  the  United  States  or  Canadas,  and  has 
been  so  acknowledged  by  all  that  have  had  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  the  system  practically  illustrat- 
ed by  the  introduction  of  the  most  vicious  horses 
the  States  and  Canada  could  produce )  and  hav- 
ing a  familiar  acquaintance  vvith  the  wish  of*  all 
lovers  of  this  noble  animal — the  horse — to  bring 
the  system  before  the  public  in  printed  form,  so 
that  all  who  favor  him  with  their  patronage  may 
be  benefitted  by  its  perusal. 

But  in  treating  upon  this  subject,  we  are  well 
aware  of  the  difficulties  under  which  we  labor : 
vre  are  conscious  of  the  fact  that  we  are  quite  apt 
to  excite  the  prejudices  of  men,  who,  having  ^.an- 
aged  horses  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  having 
ways  of  their  own,  with  which  they  are  satisfied, 
are  likely  to  cry  humbug  to  any  jdea,  which,  to 
them  is  new  and  strange.  We  are  also  a^^are  ti-at 
t'lere  already  exists  in  the  minds  of  many  inter; i- 
gent  persons,  a  settled  opposilion  to  all  profession- 


als,  wliose  business  is  pretendiug  to  teacli  aud  im- 
prove the  horse;  an  opposition  arising  from  the 
many  failures  among  thatclass,and  the  consequent 
damage  done  to  their  animals  by  being  handled  by 
such  men,  or  under  their  instructions.  We  have 
no  reason  to  expect  that  we  can  obliterate  these 
X>rejudices  at  once ;  but  we  have  faith  to  believe 
that  if  we  are  given  a  careful  hearing,  and  our  ad- 
vice put  into  practice,  we  shall  do  much  to  im- 
prove the  opinions  of  the  people  on  the  subject  of 
the  ^'education  of  the  Horse."  We  do  not  expect 
to  improve  their  opinion  of  ^'Horse  Taming," — not 
at  all.  It  amounts  to  but  little,  only  for  the  time ; 
its  effects  are  only  momentary.  The  distinction 
between  tmning  and  educating  is  clear  and  positive, 
and  cannot  be  gainsayed  by  even  the  most  care- 
less observer.  We  think  we  can  make  this  per- 
fectly clear  if  you  carefully  peruse  our  work,  and 
practice  its  teachings.  We  have  devoted  our  time 
for  the  past  ten  years  to  the  investigation  and 
study  of  the  subject,  and  feel  quite  confident  our 
efforts  have  been  of  value  to  the  public.  We  do 
not  by  any  means  claim  to  be  infallible,  but  we 
speak  of  this  to  satisfy  the  public  that  ours  is  no 
system  picked  up  in  a  day,  but  feel  that  it  is  the 
restflt  of  incessant  labor  for  years.  We  do  not 
claim  all  of  the  ideas  we  advance  to  be  original 
with  us,  but  whether  they  are,  or  ideas  of  others, 
neither  are  recommended  without  first  having  been 
l>ut  thoroughly  to  the  test  by  actual  personal  ex- 
perience.   We  advise  no  i)lan  which  we  have  not 


successfully  tried,  and  found  to  be  valuable.  There 
is,  to  a  certain  extent,  a  moral  resi)onsibility  rest- 
ing upon  authors  of  works  of  this  nature,  which 
is  embarrassing  in  a  high  degree.  The  rules  which 
he  sets  forth  are  sometimes  deviated  from  without 
the  knowledge  of  the  operator  himself,  either  from 
his  not  clearly  understanding  the  meaning,  or  from 
his  having  too  carelessly  listened  to  the  instruc- 
tions received,  or  perhaps  too  loosely  scanned  the 
printed,  and  the  desired  result  is  not  reached.  In 
a  measure,  this  leads  to  a  distrust  of  the  system. 
Occasionally  circumstances  may  arise  in  the  hand- 
ling of  the  horse,  which  no  foresight  could  have 
provided  against,  and  if  the  operator  does  not  find 
in  the  instructions  given,  a  remedy  for  his  diffi- 
culty, he  lays  it  aside  in  disgust.  Nevertheless  we 
submit  our  work,  confident  of  being  able  to*)e  of 
great  public  service.  In  the  forepart  of  our  vol- 
ume, we  shall  almost  exclusively  treat  upon  the 
education  of  the  colt,  and  the  treatment  of  his 
habits,  after  which  we  shall  speak  of  a  subject 
which,  in  almost  all  its  aspects,  needs  to  be  treated 
from  quite  a  different  stand-point.  The  colt  is  im- 
pelled to  his  awkwardness  and  bad  habits  by  nat- 
ural impulses  of  timidity  and  consequent  fear ; 
while  the  mature  horse  is  actuated  more  by  a 
strong  self-will,  his  habits  beifig  formed  through 
mismanagement  of  his  first  instruction.  There- 
fore the  rules  which  apply  to  the  education  and 
treatment  of  colts  are  not,  in  all  instances  the  rules 
necessary  to  be  observed  in  the  education  and 


reatment  ox  iie  Horse,  rfucn  governing  rules 
however,  as  being  liouest  with  the  animal,  exer- 
cising kindness,  forbearance,  firmness,  and  perse- 
verance, apply  in  both  cases.  Kow,  dear  reader, 
with  these  introductory  remarks,  we  shall  com- 
mence our  volume,  introducing  the  points  in  al- 
phabetical order,  endeavoring  to  so  fully  explain 
that  none  need  go  astray. 


THE 

HORSEMAN'S   GUIDE 

AND     FARRIER. 


History    of  the   Cclebrat«<l    Hoi'.*€«   Trained 
aud  £3xliil>itcd  by  York  <&  \%'illia.ius. 

MORGAN  TIGEE. 

This  famous  liorse  was  bred  by  Lafayette  Kuapp, 
Middlesex,  Yt;  is  a  beautiful  hajj  with  bla^k 
mane  and  tail,  one  hind  foot  white ;  weighs  1050 
I)ounds;  is  eight  years  old,  and  in  style  ami  ac- 
tion is  unsurpassed. 

He  was  sired  by  the  *^  Old  Flying  Morgan,"  and 
in  speed  and  endurance  is  fully  his  equal  in  his 
best  days. 

His  dam  was  a  full  blooded  ''Justin  Morgan." 

Previous  to  our  purchasing  this  horse,  he  had 
been  under  training  by  the  "Rockwell  System," 
which  failing,  left  him  more  vicious  and  unman- 
ageable than  before,  (he  was  a  sullen,  bolting, 
plunging,  runaway  horse,  and  had  become  i^v- 


8 

fectly  unmanageable  by  Mr.  Lamsou,  of  wliom  we 
purchased  liim.)  In  ten  days  after  applying  our 
system,  he  became  perfectly  tractable,  and  was 
successfully  exhibited  in  Wentworth,  N.  H.,  as  a 
''Trick  Horse,"  and  driven  through  the  streets 
wltliout  reins,  by  Professor  Williams.  He  has  been 
on  constant  exhibition  for  a  little  more  than  two 
years,  and  is  judged  to  be  the  Most  Thoroughlt 
Trained  Horse  in  America. 

ALARM. 

This  celebrated  colt  was  raised  in  North  Easton, 
Washington  Co.,  E".  Y.^  by  Jona.  Buell  and  came 
into  our  hands  unhandled,  in  the  spring  of  1865,, 
and  although  but  three  years  old,  he  exhibited  an 
alarming  temper,  biting,  striking,  and  jumping  at 
any  one  who  chanced  to  come  within  his  reach. 

After  having  been  under  our  training  two 
weeks,  he  was  harnessed  to  wagon  for  the  first 
time  in  his  life}  and  driven  without  reins  through 
the  streets  of  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  by  Prof.  York,  to 
the  astonishment  of  all  who  knew  his  history. 

He  was  sired  by  "Kimrod  Morgan."  Dam,  an 
English  mare.  He  stands  fifteen  and  three-quar- 
ter hands  high,  weighs  1125  pounds;  hi^  color  is 
a  beautiful  dark  brown. 

He  is  a  very  stylish  driver,  and  has  been  exhib- 
ited constantly  since  his  training. 

GEN'L  ^lAC. 

This  horse  was  raised  by  Wm.  D.  Huntley,  at 
Mexico,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  is  eight  years  old. 


9 

Tkis  horse  exhibits  the  most  perfect  character- 
istics of  a  full  blooded  Morgan  horse  we  have  ever 
seen ;  is  a  blood  bay,  black  mane  and  tail.  His 
mane  is  very  heavy  and  fine,  measuring  thrc4i  fe^t 
and  six  indies  in  length. 

This  was  a  very  icicJced^  runaway  horse,  and  per- 
fectly ungovernable  in  harness.  He  is  now  under 
training,  to  be  driven  double,  with  "Morgan  Tiger,'? 
without  reins,  and  is  making  rajnd  progress.  After 
one  week  training  he  made  a  graeeful  appearance 
in  the  streets  of  Bradford,  Vt,  driven  by  Prof. 
Williams,  without  reins,  amid  the  cheers  of  the 
throng  who  had  gathered  to  witness  t^e  feat. 

Gen.  Mac  and  Morgan  Tiger,  (driven  together 
without  reins,)  for  beauty,  agility  and  perfect  obe- 
dience to  the  requirements  of  their  driver,  when 
on  exhibition,  passing  through  crowded  streets, 
avoiding  vehicles  and  obstacles  of  every  kind, 
stand  unrivalled  by  any  effort  of  the  kind  on  rec- 
ord. 

YOUNG  COLUiyiBUS. 

This  fine  mettled  horse  is  9  years  old,  stands  16 
hands  high,  is  of  a  dark  chestnut  color,  and  weighs 
1140  pounds.  We  purchased  him  of  Benj.  Cum- 
mings,  North  Brookfleld,  Mass.  He  is  now  under 
process  of  training,  and  is  fast  losing  the  careless 
habits  inherited  from  his  sire,  "Old  Columbus," 
who  was  a  terror  to  his  keepers.  His  Dam, 
Woodbury  Morgan.  For  beauty  and  style  he  is 
unsurpassed. 


10 

ly 'Ou  the  3ci  of  Ai^ril,  1S63,  we  commenced 
training  a  wild  and  nervous  Black  Hawk  horse 
for  Messrs.  Williams  &  Wilder,  who  were  at  that 
time  receiving  instructions  from  us,  preparatory 
to  giving  instructions  themselves.  In  about  six 
days  we -delivered  them  the  horse,  and  on  the  fol- 
lo'Adng  wexik  they  gave  a  successful  exhibition  at 
Whitingham,  Vt  They  continued  to  give  suc- 
cessful i)erformances  for  some  months,  when, 
through  entire  caielessness  on  the  part  of  the 
driver,  the  horse  was  severely  injured  by  the 
bi'eaking  of  a  vehicle,  and  has  not  since  been  ex- 
hibited. We  are  informed  that  each  of  these  gen- 
tlemen ha\«  a  horse  which  they  are  driving  with- 
out reins,  broke  according  to  our  directions.'' 

We  are  surprised  to  see  the  above  fabrication 
l)ublished  by  Messrs.  Eockwell  &  Hurlbut.  Any 
man  who  gives  his  time  and  energy  to  the  self- 
vsacrificing  business  of  teaching  rational  hoi'se- 
manship,  should  be  a  man  entitled  to  the  rCvSpect 
of  an  intelligent  people  j  but  when  from  jea^wsy, 
or  malice,  they  become  thus  reckless  of  truth  and 
honor,  they  relinquish  their  manhood,  and  become 
objects  of  mere  disgust  and  detestation. 

We  say  "God  speed"  to  every  man  who  is  la- 
boring to  increase  the  usefulness  and  value  of  that 
noble  animal — the  Horse. 

But,  to  the  facts :  We  had  been  teaching  Horse- 
inanship  for  several  years,  successfully,  previous- 
ly to  the  3d  day  of  April,  1863,  and  prcAious  to 
our  ever  having  seen  Mr.  Eockwell,  or  to  his  ever 


11 

liaviiig  adopted  tlie  profession  of  horsemanship. 
The  horse,  Bhock  Hawk  Tiger,  was  neither  trained 
or  ever  driven,  nor  even  sesn  by  Mr.  Rockwell, 
either  then,  previous  or  subsequent  to  that  time, 
to  our  knowledge ;  but  was  trained  by  Prof.  Wil- 
liams, and  is  still  owned  hj  him,  and  is  the  same 
proud  spirited  animal,  (and  driven  without  reins 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  Professor,)  whose  reputa- 
tion excited  Mr.  Eockwell  to  issue  the  above  base 
fabrication. 

The  "injury^'  si>oken  of  was  occasioned  by  the 
breaking  of  the  shafts  of  the  wagon  in  which  he 
was  being  driven,  in  making  a  short  turn,  thus 
freeing  himself  from  the  wagon,  and  for  a  mo- 
ment losing  sight  of  his  driver;  but  upon  the  sig- 
nal he  immediately  returned,  with  the  the  splin- 
tered shafts  dangling  about  his  legs,  and  in  doing 
so  he  got  a  splinter  in  his  foot,  and  for  three 
weeks  was  not  exhibited ;  but  after  that  was  ex- 
hibited daily  until  our  famous  horse,  MoEOAN 
TiaEE,  was  i^ut  ui^on  exhibition. 


Cxenera.!  Remarks. 

According  to  the  known  history  of  the  horse, 
he  has  been  the  friend  and  servant  of  man  for 
nearly  four  thousand  years.  All  classes  of  people, 
from  the  highest  rulers  and  warriors,  down  to  the 
lowest  peasants  on  earth,  have  shared  their  friend-  . 
ship  and  utility.  The  horse  has  also  had  its  ad- 
mirers and  Mends  among  all  classes  of  men; 
even  the  i)oor  Arab  treats  him  as  one  of  his  own 


12 

family  by  lodgiug  him  in  the  tent  with  his  wife 
and  children.  And  yet  his  education  is  only  in 
its  infancy. 

His  value  has  been  so  estimated  from  his  first 
subjugation  to  the  present,  that  a  portion,  at  least 
of  all  civilized  nations,  as  well  as  the  Indian  who 
catches  him  wild,  have  participated  in  the  pleas- 
ure and  profits  of  the  horse.  And  his  value  at 
the  present  time  depends,  to  a  great  extent,  on  the 
knowledge  and  skill  we  possess  in  using  him  ;  for 
when  we  call  out  the  finer  feelings  of  his  nature 
by  kind  treatment,  we  are  delighted  and  comfort- 
ed in  the  manner  and  willingness  in  which  he  ren 
ders  his  services  for  our  benefit  j  while  to  those 
who  know  no  other  way  of  governing  him  than  by 
brute  force,  he  often  becomes  fretful  and  vicious, 
and  even  a  dangerous  servant;  consequently,  we 
see  that  his  real  value  to  us  rises  or  falls,  acxiord- 
ing  to  our  ability  and  manner  of  governing  him. 

He  has  been  imported  and  transported  from  na- 
tion to  nation;  he  is  used  to  do  our  hardest 
drudgery,  as  well  as  to  pride  himself  in  honoring 
kings ;  he  is  used  to  convey  us  to  places  of  amuse- 
ment and  worship ;  in  fact,  there  is  no  vocation  in 
which  man  is  engaged  that  the  horse  is  not  made 
useful  to  further  his  purpose.  And  in  all  places, 
and  among  all  classes,  we  find  his  value  corres- 
l^onding  with  the  state  of  society  where  he  is  em- 
ployed. And  here  is  another  idea  about  the  horse 
which  is  worth  its  weight  in  gold,  viz.:  his  cultiva- 
tion and  improvement  have  a  tendency  to  promote 


13 

good  society.  For  man,  while  cultivating  the  lin- 
er feelings  of  his  nature,  (as  he  must,  in  order  to 
control  the  horse  properly),  arrives  to  that  degree 
of  refinement  in  his  mind  which  is  so  necessary 
for  a  member  of  good  society  to  i)ossess.  I  have 
known  men  to  buy  a  pair  of  horses,  paying  from 
three  to  four  hundred  dollars  for  them,  which  was 
considered  by  many,  an  enormous  price.  The  pur- 
chaser, after  keeping  them  a  few  months,  vrould 
sell  them  again  for  double  the  i)rice  he  paid,  to 
the  astonishment  of  those  who  considered  the  first 
price  extravagant.  This  may  be  attributable  to 
the  dealer's  knowledge  of  the  market,  and 
his  skill  in  training  and  improving  their  condition 
while  they  remained  in  his  hands.  So  we  see,  too, 
that  the  stud}^  of  the  horse  is  calculated  to  elevate 
the  mind  of  men,  as  well  as  to  replenish  his  purse. 

How  often  do  we  see  young  men  whose  almost 
first  act  in  life  is  to  buy  a  horse,  and  sometimes, 
before  they  are  able  to  pay  the  purchase  money, 
and  even  part  with  the  last  cow,  and  every  other 
valuable  before  they  will  i)art  with  their  horse. 
This  shows  the  great  attachment  man  has  for  the 
horse,  which  can  be  traced  back  through  history 
to  the  ancient  nobleman,  as  well  as  the  wild  Arab. 
This  will  be  made  more  apparent  hereafter. 

Among  all  the  studs*  kept  by  the  ancient  no- 
blemen, you  will  find  that  there  was  scarcely  ever 
one  found  which  was  not  kind  and  submissive  to 
his  master;  the  reason  of  this  was  because  their 

'  A  collf^(?tion  of  horses. 


14 

mode  of  governing  tliem  was  invaruibly  that  ot 
kind  treatment.  Tlie  passion  of  love,  in  all  ani- 
mals, when  cultivated  and  fully  developed,  is  even 
stronger  than  that  of  fear. 

When  the  Aral)  falls  from  his  mare  (observes 
Smith  om  breeding),  and  is  unable  to  rise,  she  will 
stop  and  ueigh  until  assistance  arrives;  if  he  lies 
down  to  sleep,  as  fatigue  sometimes  compels  him 
in  the  midst  of  the  desert,  she  stands  watchful 
over  him,  and  neighs  and  arouses  him  if  either 
man  or  beast  approaches. 

Allow  me  to  give  place  to  the  following  anec- 
dotes (which  are  well  authenticated),  partly  to 
show  the  love  and  great  attaclimcnt  of  the  Arab 
(as  well  as  others)  for  the  horse,  as  well  as  that  of 
the  horse  for  his  master : 

An  old  Arab  had  a  valuable  mare  that  had  car- 
ried him  for  fifteen  years  in  many  a  hard  fouglit 
battle,  and  in  many  a  rapid,  weary  march.  Al- 
though eighty  j'ears  old,  and  unable  longer  to  ride 
her,  he  gave  her  and  a  scimeter  that  had  been  his 
fathers,  to  his  eldest  son,  and  told  him  to  appre- 
ciate their  value,  anli  never  lie  down  to  rest  until 
he  had  nibbed  them  both  as  bright  as  a  looking- 
glass.  In  the  first  skirmish  that  the  young  man. 
was  engaged  in,  he  was  killed,  and  the  mare  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  When  the  news 
reached  the  old  man,  he  exclaimed,  /'Life  is  no 
longer  worth  possessing,  for  I  have  lost  both  my 
son  and  mare,  and  I  grieve  as  much  for  one  as  the 
other."  and  he  immediatelv  sickened  and  died. 


15 

The  foliowiiig  comes  home  to  the  bosom  of  ev- 
ery one  possessed  of  common  feeling :  The  whole 
stock  of  an  Aral)  of  the  desert  consisted  of  a  mare. 
The  I"'rench  Consul  offered  to  purchase  her  in  or- 
der to  send  her  to  his  sovereign,  Louis  XIV.  The 
Aralj  would  have  rejected  the  proposal  at  once, 
with  indignalion  and  scorn,  but  he  was  miserably 
poor.  He  had  no  means  of  supplying  his  most 
urgent  wants,  or  procuring  the  barest  necessaries 
of  lire.  Still,  he  hesitated  ;  he  had  scarcely  a  rag 
to  cover  him,  and  his  wife  and  children  were  stiirv- 
iug;  the  sum  oifered  was  great,  it  would  provide 
him  and  his  family  with  food  for  life.  At  length, 
and  reluctantly,  he  consentod  to  the  separation. 
He  brought  the  mare  to  the  dwelling  of  the  Con- 
sul ;  he  dismounted,  and  stood  leaning  ujion  her 
he  looked,  now  at  the  gold,  and  then  at  his  favor 
ite ;  he  sighed,  he  wept.  "To  whom  is  it,"  said 
he,  "I  am  going  to  yield  thee  up  ?  To  Europeans, 
who  v>  ill  tie  thee  close — who  will  beat  thee — who 
will  render  theo  miserable !  Eeturn  with  me,  my 
beauty:  my  jewel ;  God  preserve  thee,  my  belov- 
ed, and  rejoice  the  hearts  of  my  children  :"  and. 
then  sprang  ui)on  her  back,  and  was  out  of  sight 
in  a  moment.  Ah,  jockey,  think  of  this  ;  did  you 
ever  x>art  with  a  favorite  that  caused  your  wife 
and  children  to  weep  ? 

Sir  Jolm  Malcom,  in  his  sketches  on  Persia, 
gives  several  anecdotes,  but  of  a  more  amusing 
character,  one  of  which  we  will  notice  here: 
"When  the  eneniV,  returning:  from  his  former  mis- 


.  16 

sion,  was  eucami)ed  near  Bagdad,  an  old  Arab 
rode  a  bright  bay  mare,  of  extraordinary  shape 
and  beauty,  before  his  tent  until  he  attracted  his 
attention.  On  being  asked  if  he  would  sell  her, 
'What  wall  you  give  me  V  was  the  reply  ,*  'That  de- 
pends upon  her  age  j  I  suppose  she  is  past  five  V 
'Guess  again,'  said  he.  *Fourf  Look  at  her 
mouth,'  said  the  Arab  with  a  smile.  On  examina- 
tion she  was  found  to  be  rising  three.  This,  from 
her  size  and  symmetry,  greatly  enhanced  her  val- 
ue. The  envoy  said,  'I  will  give  you  fifty  tomans, 
(a  coin  nearly  equal  in  value  to  a  pound  sterling). 
'A  little  more,  if  you  please,'  said  the  fellow,  ap- 
parently entertained.  'Eighty,'  'a  hundred.'  He 
shook  his  head,  and  smiled.  The  offer  at  last  came 
to  two  hundred  tomans.  <Well,'  said  the  Arab, 
'you  need  not  tempt  me  further;  it  is  of  no  use. 
You  are  a  rich  elchee ;  you  have  fine  horses,  cam- 
els and  mules,  and  I  am  told  you  have  loads  of 
silver  and  gold.  Now,'  added  he,  'you  want  my 
mare,  but  you  shall  not  have  her  for  all  you  have 
got.' " 

The  foregoing  is  a  very  humane  system  of  treat- 
ing the  horse,  and  one  that  is  attended  with  the 
best  success  in  subjugating  all  horses  for  domes- 
tic purposes;  and  yet  there  is  another  method  by 
which  they  may  be  trained  and  subjugated,  that 
uo  less  shows  the  superiority  of  man,  than  the 
willingness  of  the  horse  to  obey  him,  when  his 
wishes  are  made  known  to  him ;  without  medica- 
tion.   Tijo  doii)osticated  horse  seldom  needs  anv- 


tlimg  more  tliau  kind  toatment  at  our  hands  to 
render  liim  obedient  to  our  commands,  after  he  has 
learned  what  we  desire  of  him,  for  his  instinct  leads 
him  to  love  and  obey  man,  although  the  horso^ 
not  unlike  other  animals  in  this  respect,  is  posses- 
sed of  a  kind  of  wild  fear  of  man  (in  a  natiu'al 
«tate),  that  must  be  overcome  before  we  can  suc- 
<?essfully  proceed  to  learn  him  anj'thing  else.  This 
the  Mexicans,  as  well  as  the  Indians,  accomplisli 
in  their  way  with  the  lasso,  in  catching  them  wild 
by  decoying  and  riding  up  to  a  herd  of  them,  and 
throwing  it  over  the  head  of  one  (around  the  neck 
of  the  animal),  and  then  follow  him  in  the  chase 
until  he  is  choked  down.  After  this  he  is  not  hurt 
but  caressed  and  talked  to,  when  he  is  hampered 
and  led  to  camj)  without  further  trouble,  where  he 
iioon  leams  to  love  and  obey  his  master. 

]N'ow,  we  do  not  expect  to  be  fortunate  enough 
to  make  ourselves  renowned  in  relating  our  expe- 
rience or  observation  of  the  horse  in  this  respect; 
but  we  trust  mainly  on  the  merits  of  this  subject 
to  become  useful  to  those  who  feel  an  interest  iu 
this  important  topic.  Firstly,  the  horse  is  gov- 
erned, and  receives  his  instruction  through  the 
live  senses,  viz.:  seeing,  tasting,  hearing,  smelling 
and  feeling ;  the  one  of  seeing  seems  to  rather 
predominate.  But  the  most  of  these  are  more 
acute  than  even  man's,  for  they  partially  supply 
the  i)lacc  of  reason  in  the  animal.  Secondly,  lie 
is  governed  (like  all  other  animals)  by  his  instiin-t, 
v>']>ich  is  combined  in  the  live  senses:  and  one  oi 


18 

the  qualities  of  liis  instinct  is  to  fear  the  approacli 
of  man,  wliom  lie  looks  ii\)Oii  as  his  superior.  This 
1«  more  especially  the  case  when  he  is  in  a  wild 
state;  but  when  this  wild  feay  is  changed  to  love 
by  kind  treatment,  it  is  increased  an  hundred  fokL 
Another  of  these  is  to  love  and  obey  man  when 
domesticated  and  educated,  hj  which  he  general- 
ly does  unless  his  animal  proi^ensities  are  aroused 
by  ill-treatiaent  j  for  it  is  an  undisputed  principle 
in  the  nature  of  this  animal  not  to  offer  resistance 
to  our  mshes  when  ma^de  known  t«  him  in  a  man- 
ner that  he  can  understand  us ;  and,  of  course  it 
Mlows  that  this  must  be  done  in  accordance  with 
the  laws  of  his  nature, 

Man  is  not  only  i)laced  at  one  end  of  this  great 
chain,  but  he  forms  the  hook  that  hangs  it  up  on 
the  throne  of  Jehovah,  and  the  swivel  and  pivot 
also  u])on  which  the  whole  turns  j  and  it  extends 
from  thence  to  the — jes,  beyond  the  surface,  to 
the  very  centre  of  the  earth,  and  the  bottomless 
deep  ;  and,  notmthstanelingits  crooks  and  nooks., 
and  all  its  mysterious  windings,  there  is  a  current 
of  electric  life  running  through  the  whole  length 
thereof,  that  proceeds  from  the  great  battery  from; 
wliich  all  knowledge  and  instinct  iiows.  Man 
stands  at  the  head  of  all  created  beings,  for  all 
^\  ill  tremble  and  crouch  with  fear  at  his  approach, 
c  xcei)t  when  attacked  in  a  warlike  manner,  or 
\  hen  there  is  no  chance  to  ifee.  Tlien  if  man  is 
}tl<ieed  at  the  head  of  all  these,  it  shows  the  im- 
(>.ovtance  of  his  studying  his  own  nature,  and  if 


19 

he  arrives  at  tlie  liigliest  state  of  liis  moral  cul- 
ture, to  wliicli  he  is  attainable,  all  the  better,  so 
as  not  to  abuse  the  power  invested  in  him,  and  en- 
able him  to  tiu'n  all  these  things  to  the  best  and 
most  profitable  account.  What,  then*  has  man  to 
fear  from  the  brute  creation  when  he  becomes  ac- 
quainted with  his  ability  to  govern  and  control 
them  all,  and  when  he  sees  the  most  ferocious 
beasts  flee  at  his  approach  ?  As  we  stated  above, 
the  domesticated  horse  loves  man,  and  we  very^ 
much  doubt  whether  there  is  another  creature  on 
earth  that  is  so  universally  beloved  by  man  as  the 
horse.  They  look  ui)on  him  as  their  friend,  and 
when  in  trouble  will  run  to  him  for  help  and  pro- 
tection. As  an  evidence  of  this  fact,  we  need  only 
relate  one  circumstance  that  we  w  itnessed  with 
our  friend  and  neighbor  in  Mich.  He  had  a  mare 
that  owned  a  colt  about  a  week  old,  running  in  a 
held  wherein  was  an  old  Avell  fourteen  feet  deep, 
which  had  been  covered  with  plank,  which,  bj^ 
some  means  had  got  off,  so  that  the  colt  fell 
mto  the  well.  This  happened  about  the 
break  of  day,  and  before  we  had  got  out  of  bed 
we  heard  the  noise  and  clatter  of  a  horse's  hoofs, 
which  awoke  us.  This  vras  followed  by  a  loud 
neigh  of  a  horse  at  our  door.  We  scrambled  out 
of  bed,  and  went  to  the  door  just  in  time  to  sec 
the  old  mare  returning  towards  the  well  that  was 
some  fort}^  rods  distant.  Seeing  her  look  down 
into  the  well,  and  tlien  start  for  the  house  again, 
we  anticipated  the  trouble  she  was  in.    We  sum- 


20 

moned  lielp,  and  started  for  the  well  j  but  not 
without  being  met  several  times  by  the  old  maro 
(who  seemed  to  be  almost  fi'antic),  as  if  to  huiTy 
us  on  to  the  i)lace  of  disaster.  When  we  arrived, 
the  colt  was  splashing  in  the  water  at  the  bottom. 
AVe  immediately  got  him  out  with  the  help  of  ropes 
that  we  took  along  with  us,  when  they  both  fol- 
lowed us  back  to  the  house  j  and  whenever  we 
stopped,  the  mare  w^ould  stand  by  us,  and  even 
lick  our  hands,  as  well  as  the  colt,  in  thankfulness 
for  the  assistance  we  had  rendered  her  in  rescuing 
her  colt. 

But  to  return  more  direct  to  the  subject  in  ques- 
tion, I  will-  proceed  to  show  w^hat  man  should  be 
to  accomplish  his  purpose  with  the  horse,  and  then 
by  what  means  he  can  do  it.  The  timidity  of 
many  persons  only  prevents  their  becoming  suc- 
cessful horse  trainers,  fully  equal  to  the  great 
Damptius  of  the  i^resent  day.  It  requires  almost 
a  reckless  courage,  a  patience  that  never  tires,  and 
a  temper  that  nothing  can  ruffle.  With  these  re- 
quisites, any  one  may  enter  the  pleasing  labor  of 
subjugating  and  educating  the  horse,  with  almost 
a  certainty  of  success.  All  men  are  not  endowed 
with  this  gift ;  though  any  one  of  common  ability 
who  studies  the  horse  minutely,  will  soon  learn 
by  his  quick  perception  and  judgment,  to  govern 
the  horse,  notwithstanding  the  great  difference  of 
organization  and  temperament  that  belongs  to 
this  animal,  which  does  not  always  consist  in  a 
iiiiifonn  plan  of  operating  with  all,  but  must  be 


21 

varied  according  to  their  individual   capacities, 
after  subduing  tlieir  wild  fear. 

This  is  a  study,  which,  if  pursued  systematical- 
ly, will  be  one  of  the  most  ennobling*,  as  well  as 
profitable  branches  of  the  industry  of  breeders 
and  the  farmer's  occupation,  for  it  will  enhance 
their  horse's  value  at  least  one-half  (in  some  cases), 
by  rendering  them  more  docile  and  safe  to  guide 
and  handle.  In  a  word,  the  man  should  be  in  ev- 
ery respect  of  good  disposition,  and  the  law  of 
kindness  should  be  fixed  in  his  mind  as  the  key- 
stone of  all  successful  theories  of  treatment  to- 
wards the  horse,  and  we  should  look  for  help  only 
where  help  is  to  be  found. 


The  First  Step  to  l>e  Taken  \ritli  a  Colt. 

Go  to  the  pasture  and  walk  around  the  whole 
herd  quietly,  and  at  such  a  distance  as  not  to  cause 
them  to  scare  and  run ;  then  drive  them  very  slow- 
ly, and  if  they  stick  up  their  heads  and  run,  wait 
until  they  become  quiet,  so  as  not  to  frighten  them ; 
then  quietly  pass  around  them  again,  and  gently 
drive  them  in  the  direction  you  want  to  go.  Do 
not  flourish  your  arms,  or  halloo,  but  quietly  follow 
them,  leaving  the  direction  free  for  them  that  you 
wish  them  to  take;  thus,  taking  advantage  of 
their  ignorance,  you  will  be  able  to  get  them  into 
the  barn-yard  very  easily.  If  colts  have  always 
run  in  the  pasture  uncared  for,  as  many  do,  there 
is  no  reason  why  they  should  not  be  as  wild  as  the 
deer,  and  require  the  same  gentle  treatment.    If 


22 

you  want  to  get  them  without  trouble — ^for  the 
horse  in  his  natural  state  is  as  wild  as  any  of  the 
undomesticated  animals,  though  more  easily  tam- 
ed— the  next  step  will  be  to  drive  them  from  the 
yard  into  the  barn,  not  into  the  stable,  but  on  to 
the  barn  floor.  This  should  be  done  as  quickly  as 
possible,  so  as  not  to  excite  any  suspicion.  The 
best  way  to  do  this  is  to  lead  a  gentle  horse  into 
the  barn  first,  and  hitch  him  ,•  then  quickly  walk 
round  the  colt,  or  colts,  as  may  be,  and  gently 
flrive  them  in  the  direction  of  the  door  ,*  seeing 
the  horse  in  the  barn,  they  go  in  without  further 
trouble.  The  next  step  is  to  remove  the  quiet  horse 
and  shut  the  door.  This  is  the  coitus  first  idea  of 
confinement,  hardly  knowing'^how  he  got  into  such 
a  place,  nor  how  to  get  out  of  it ;  so  he  must  take 
it  as  quietly  as  possible.  See  that  everything  is 
so  arranged  that  he  cannot  jump  over,  or  crawl 
under ;  also,  a  clean  floor. 

Everything  is  now  properly  arrangd  for  the  colt 
to  receive  his  first  lesson.  And  how  is  it  to  be 
accomplished?  Some  individual,  unacquainted 
with  a  correct  system  of  handling  wild  and  vicious 
horses,  would  say  the  plan  we  adopt  by  which  to 
lialter  and  lead  quietly  wild  horses,  would  so 
frighten  them  it  would  i)rove  a  failure.  But  quite 
the  reverse.  Prepare  yourselt  with  a  good  spring- 
top  whip,  with  long  switch.  Step  into  the  barn ; 
close  the  door;  all  is  now  safe.  You  are  alone 
with  the  colt,  nothing  to  attract  his  attention  but 
yourself.    Stand  quietly  for  a  few  moments,  and 


23 

lie  will  ej  e  you  closely ;  tlieu  take  your  whip  in 
right  hand 5  give  it  a  sharp  crack;  at  the  same 
time  approach  the  colt^  so  the  distance  from  him 
is  the  length  of  the  whip,  and  give  him  some  sharp 
•cuts  around  the  hind  legs,  and  under  the  flank  ; 
never  ^tiike  him  forward  of  his  quarters.  After 
;aj)plyin^  your  whip  in.  such  n  manner  for  about 
one  minute,  then  take  your  whip  in  your  left  hand, 
at  the  same  time  hold  out  your  right,  and  gently 
approach  him,  saying.  "Ho!  boy;"  but  in  ai>- 
proaching  him,  if  he  turns  and  runs  from  you, 
again  ax)ply  your  whip  shari^ly ;  then  again  ap- 
proach him  saying,  ^^  Ho !  boy."  In  operating  iu 
that  manner  for  aboat  &ve  minaites  he  dare  not 
turn  his  quarters,  but  will  staaa*d  and  face  you,  and 
you  can  lay  your  hand  upon  his  neck,  pat  and  ca- 
ress him.  In  doing  so  you  gain  his  confidence 
and  when  he  follows  you  he  comes  for  protection, 
but  when  he  turns  to  leave  you  he  is  sure  he  will 
get  punished.  By  using  the  whip  in  that  manner 
for  twenty  minutes,  he  will  follow  you  around  the 
barn  the  same  as  a  pet  dog,  keeping  his  head  close 
by  your  side. 

This  exercise  was  fully  illustrated  by  Mr.  Jona- 
than Smith,  of  Virginia,  which  m  thus  described 
by  S.  W.  Cole :  A  vicious  mare  was  given  him  to 
tame,  which  it  was  said  he  could  not  manage  un- 
less he  dealt  with  the  devil,  for  she  was  a  wild, 
skittish  young  thing,  high  tempered,  and  dispos- 
ed to  kick  and  bite.  He  ordered  her  into  a  barn, 
and  tlien  entered  a»d  fastened  the  door.    Before 


24: 

slie  had  time  to  Burvey  liim,  he  was  giving  her  the 
lash  smartly.  Around  she  went,  kicking  and 
jumping;  no  rest  was  given ;  the  sweat  flowed j. 
and  she  slackened  in  her  movements.  When  she 
approached  him  he  slackened  his  whip,  held  out 
his  hand,  and  said,  '^Come  along;"  again  she  was 
oft*,  and  the  lash  applied.  This  was  repeated  sev- 
eral times  before  she  would  advance,  and  when 
she  moved  toward  him  he  approached  and  patted 
her;  and  as  he  moved  away  and  said,  "Come 
alon g,"  she  followed.  In  a  moment  she  darted  off  ^ 
he  api)lied  the  lash  smartly ;.  she  stopped,  trem- 
bled, and  ai)proach.ed  him.  He  patted  her  neck,, 
and  said,  "Come  along,"  and  she  followed  him  sev- 
era!  times  around  the  barn ;  when  she  lagged,  he 
was  away,  and  the  whip  applied.  After  that,  she 
would  not  remain  two  feet  from  him.  He  ordered 
the  door  to  be  opened,  and  the  mare  followed  close 
to  him  through  the  crowd,  and  back  to  the  stable. 
This  shows  and  proves  clearly,  the  first  step,  and 
only  correct  way  of  forming  an  a€quaintance  with 
wild  and  vicious  horses. 


Ho^v  to  Halter-Break  a  €6It» 

Your  colt  is  now  brought  up  by  the  use  of  the 
whip,  and  follows  close  by  your  side.  The  next 
step  is  to  teach  him  to  lead  with  a  halter;  this  can 
be  accomi)lished  in  ten  minutes  by  the  use  of  a 
cord. 

Procure  a  cord  about  fifteen  feet  in  length,  and 
one  half  inch  in  diameter,  made  of  cotton  or  hemp, 


or. 


cotton  is  preferable.  Make  a  knot  fast  at  one  ei#d; 
at  tlie  other  make  a  loop  of  3iiffieient  size  to  slip 
your  liand  tlirougli.  Your  cord  is  now  ready. 
Take  the  end  that  lias  the  single  knot,  place  it 
aronnd  the  horse's  neck,  jnst  back  of  the  head,  and 
get  the  exact  size ;  tie  a  loop,  then  place  it  aronnd 
the  neck,  and  make  it  fast — in  the  same  manner 
yon  wonld  tie  a  cord  aronnd  yonr  cattle's  horns  to 
make  them  fast  in  the  stable.  After  which  take 
hold  of  yonr  cord  one  foot  beloAv  yoiu'  horse's 
neck,  i)ass  it  throngh  between  the  neck  and  cord 
that  is  fastened  aronnd  his  neck ;  bring  it  forward 
and  loop  it  into  his  month ;  now  take  yonr  hand 
into  the  loop  at  the  other  end  of  the  cord,  and 
yon  can  control  him  as  yon  please.  Step  back 
from  yonr  horse ;  do  not  get  forward  or  back  of 
him,  hnt  stand  to  one  side,  abont  opposite  to  the 
shoulder;  at  the  same  time  give  him  a  sudden, 
convulsive  pull,  and  then  let  your  cord  hang  loose. 
If  he  should  prance  and  jump  to  the  opposite  side 
of  you,  give  him  another  pull  the  same  as  before. 
Do  not  pull  your  cord,  thinking  to  drag  him  after 
you  by  steady  pulling,  but  give  him  a  few  convul- 
si\^e  i)ulls,  after  which  let  your  cord  slacken  ;  and 
by  exercising  him  in  that  manner  for  ten  or  fifteen 
minutes,  he  will  very  i^romptly  step  up  by  your 
side,  no  matter  in  what  direction  you  may  turn. 
Remove  your  cord,  buckle  on  your  halter,  and  you 
can  lead  him  quietly  just  where  you  like. 


26 

!Ii telling'  tSie  Colt  in  .^tall  tlic  Fir««t  Time. 

After  lialter-breakmg  your  colt,  it  is  then  neces- 
sary to  give  liim  a  rest  before  working  him  far- 
ther, and  to  hitch  him  in  the  stall  for  the  first 
time,  observe  the  foUoAving  rule :  Examine  your 
stable  very  closely,  in  order  to  ascertain  that  there 
are  no  loose  or  broken  x)lanli:  in  the  floor,  also  see 
that  the  rack,  manger,  and  lining  of  the  stall  is 
sound  and  all  right.  All  is  now  in  readiness ;  lead 
him  quietly  up  to  the  stall.  If  he  shows  any  sign 
of  fear,  let  him  stop  for  a  few  moments,  talk  gen- 
tly ;  also  pat  him  on  the  neck.  By  so  doing,  you 
will  dispel  his  fears,  and  he  will  quietly  pass  into 
the  stall.  ^Now  for  the  plan  of  hitching  him:  If 
you  should  hitch  him  with  the  tie-strap,  as  is  gen- 
erally practiced,  some  little  noise  on  the  scaffold, 
above  (such  as  scratching  of  hens,  or  the  like), 
would  cause  him  to  scare,  pull,  break  loose,  and 
soon  he  is  a  confirmed  halter-puller.  The  plan  we 
adopt  for  hitching  the  colt  the  first  time  is  simple 
and  effectual.  Procure  a  piece  of  rein  webbing 
fifteen  feet  in  length,  or  a  strap  one  and  a  fourth 
inch  wide,  of  same  length.  Get  the  centre  of  said 
web  or  strap ;  now  buckle  a  common  web  surcin- 
gle around  his  body,  just  back  of  the  shoulder, 
then  lay  your  webbing  across  his  hips,  carry  one 
end  forward  between  the  surcingle  and  body  on 
the  left  side,  the  opposite  end  between  the  surcin- 
gle and  body  on  the  off  side  of  the  colt,  the  centre 
rests  across  his  hips,  the  ends  carried  forward ; 
now  take  the  centre  of  tlie  webbing  in  your  right 


hand,  give  it  one  turn  over ;  that  leaves  it  cross- 
ed upon  his  hips  ;  now  carry  the  centre  back,  and 
pass  his  tail  through  the  loop  that  you  made  by 
turning  the  centre  of  the  webbing  over — the  same 
as  crupping  with  harness ;  step  forward,  reach 
your  left  hand  through  under  the  colt's  neck  j  and 
tie  them  snug  around  the  chest ;  next,  carry  the 
end  of  your  tie  strax^  through  the  hole  or  ring  in 
manger  J  bring  back,  and  make  fast  to  the  web- 
bing that  passes  around  the  chest.  Your  colt  is 
now  made  fast  in  the  stall  by  the  use  of  the  web- 
bing attached  to  his  tail ;  you  need  have  no  fears 
of  his  breaking  the  halter  or  injuring  himself. 
Place  Mm  in  that  position  a  few  times,  and  there 
is  no  danger  of  his  ever  breaking  a  common  hal- 
ter. If  you  should  at  any  time  use  a  rope  in  i^lace 
of  webbing,  wind  the  crupper  i:>art  with  a  i:)iece  of 
soft  cloth ;  otherwise  you  would  injure  his  tail. 
This  plan  Avill  break  the  worst  of  halter  pullers. 


IlaucHin^  tlie  Colt's  Feet. 

We  consider  it  the  duty  of  every  one  that  rais- 
es a  colt  to  prepare  it  for  the  smith  before  he  takes 
it  to  the  shop  to  get  it  shod,  for  many  valuable 
colts  have  been  made  almost  worthless  througli 
this  neglect.  There  are  few  horses  that  may  not 
be  gradually  rendered  manageable  for  this  pur- 
pose. By  mildness  and  firmness  they  will  soon 
learn  that  no  harm  is  meant,  and  they  will  not  for- 
get their  usual  habit  of  obedience ;  but  if  the  re- 
membrance of  corporal  punishment  is  connected 


28 

with  shoeing  they  will  be  more  or  less  fidgity,  and 
sometimes  very  dangerous.  We  wish  that  it  was 
a  law  in  every  smith-shop  that  no  man  should  be 
permitted  to  strike  a  horse,  much  less  to  twitch 
or  gag  him  without  the  owner's  consent,  and  that 
a  young  horse  should  never  be  struck  or  twitched. 
The  x)lan  that  we  adopt  to  handle  the  feet  is  very 
simple,  and  not  less  effectual.  By  adopting  this 
plan,  your  colt  can,  in  a  few  moments,  be  taught 
to  stand  perfectly  still  to  be  shod :  as  soon  as  you 
get  your  colt  thoroughly  broken  to  the  halter,  get 
a  strap,  or  a  piece  of  webbing,  eighteen  feet  in 
length  ;  now  tie  one  end  of  the  straj)  or  webbing 
around  the  colt's  neck,  just  where  the  collar 
comes ;  work  it  well  back  to  the  shoidder ;  you 
are  now  standing  at  the  left  side  of  the  colt,  do 
not  be  in  a  hurry,  work  handy,  and  carefully,  be 
very  uniform  in  your  words  and  acts;  now  take 
tlie  other  end  of  your  strap,  gently  pass  it  back 
between  the  forward  legs,  bring  it  through  to  the 
left  side ;  now  lay  it  over  his  back,  with  your  right 
hand  under  his  chest,  you  can  draw  it  through 
again  to  the  left  side ;  now  place  the  end  up  into 
the  loop  around  the  neck — you  will  now  find 
your  strap  crossed  just  back  of  the  left  fore-arm 
— gently  raise  the  left  foot,  and  lay  it  into  the 
strap  that  comes  between  the  legs — the  outside 
strap  is  wound  around  the  ankle;  now  take  the 
end  that  is  passed  through  the  loop  around  the 
neck  in  your  right  hand,  your  left  holding  the 
colt  by  the  head  ;  you  will  see  that  vou  have  the 


29 

foot  secure,  with  no  possible  chimce  to  injure  him- 
self in  the  least,  as  the  whole  strain  comes  over 
the  back,  and  around  the  neck ;  l^t  the  colt  stand 
until  he  attempts  to  free  the  foot,  but  if  you  hold 
him  firm  he  will  soon  find  it  useless,  and  give  up, 
and  yield  his  foot  to  you ;  the  moment  that  he 
yields,  and  not  till  then,  relieve  him.  You  have 
now  fully  convinced  him  that  you  are  not  going  to 
hiut  him,  and  that  he  cannot  get  his  foot  from 
you,  you  will  have  no  more  trouble  with  that  foot. 
Xow  try  the  right  foot  in  the  same  manner ;  han- 
dle each  one  thoroughly  j  remember  that  it  is  just 
as  necessary  to  handle  the  forefeet  as  the  hind 
ones,  for  a  horse  that  is  vicious  to  shoe  forward 
is  more  dangerous  than  one  that  is  bad  behind. 
Now  handle  the  hind  feet.  Have  the  strap 
around  the  neck,  and  between  the  fore  legs,  as  be- 
fore, and  cany  it  back  through  the  hind  legs, 
around  the  near  hind  leg  beloAv  the  fetlock,  and 
bring  forw  ard  thi'ough  the  loo^)  around  the  neck ; 
take  the  colt  by  the  head  with  your  left  hand,  and 
the  strap  in  your  right,  pull  back  on  the  strap, 
which  will  cause  the  foot  toJbe  drawn  forward ;  this 
the  colt  AA^ill  resist  by  kicking,  but  diaw  tightly  on 
the  strap,  and  hold  him  firmly  by  the  head,  he  will 
soon  find  resistance  useless,  and  will  let  you  han- 
dle it  a.s  you  wish.  Now  step  to  the  right  side  of 
your  colt,  and  proceed  as  on  the  left  -,  remember 
that  you  must  be  firm,  yet  kind,  and  ever  willing 
to  submit  to  him  when  he  does  to  you,  but  never 
let  him  know  his  strength  compared  with  yom'  own, 


30 

and  never  let  him  know  that  he  is  the  strongest. 
By  faithfully  pursuing  this  plan  as  explained  and 
demonstrated  before  the  class,  I  am  confident  that 
you  will  meet  with  the  most  favorable  results. 
Remember  that  you  must  be  particular  and  perse- 
vering?. 


To  Ride  a.  Colt. 

You  have  gained  the  confidence  of  your  colt,  by 
the  use  of  your  whip,  now  be  very  careful  that  yon 
do  not  betraj^  it,  for  if  very  wild  he  will  be  veiy 
suspicious,  and  watch  every  move,  therefore  it  is 
very  important  that  you  are  uniform  in  all  yoiu: 
acts  and  words.  The  old  fashion  plan  of  riding 
the  colt,  we  think,  veiy  wrong.  A¥e  well  remem- 
ber of  attempting  to  ride  a  colt  under  the  direc- 
tions of  an  old  experienced  horseman.  We  were 
placed  upon  the  colt's  back  while  he  was  rearing 
and  plunging,  and  the  next  moment  found  ourself 
standing  on  our  head  in  the  snow,  some  three  rods 
from  the  colt,  and  after  maldng  several  useless  at- 
tempts to  mount  him,  gave  it  up  as  a  bad  job, 
Avhile,  by  adopting  our  present  plan,  in  a  few  mo- 
ments the  colt  could  have  been  ridden  with  j^erfect 
safety,  just  where  we  wish  to  go,  and  if  tliis  plan 
is  faithfully  pursued  we  are  sure  that  any  colt  can 
be  mounted,  and  rode,  in  a  few  moments,  without 
incurring  the  risk  of  being  pitched  ui>on  yoiu' 
head,  and  learning  your  colt  a  habit  that  will  be 
dangerous,  as  well  as  very  uni^leasant.  AYe  say 
this  with  gi'eat  confidence,  for  during  nine  years 


31 

experience  with  the  wildest  colts  that  could  be  pro- 
duced it  has  never  failed  in  a  single  case.  Before 
you  attemx)t  to  mount  a  colt  it  is  very  important 
that  you  teach  him  the  word  ^c^^oa^  which  we  claHii 
to  be  the  most  imi)ortant  word  in  horsemanship, 
and  if  you  T\ish  your  horse  to  learn  and  obey  a 
word,  you  must  first  learn  him  the  meaning  of  that 
word,  and  then  only  make  use  of  it  when  you  want 
lum  to  stop.  IS^ever  use  the  word  kIioci  to  call  your 
horse's  attention  in  the  stable,  as  many  j)ersons  do, 
such  as,  ^'wJioa,  get  over  ;  whoa,  hael';  ichoa,  come 
here,'^  etc.,  until  the  horse  gets  completely  confused 
with  the  word,  and  cannot  comprehend  yoiu*  mean- 
ing. Hence  the  necessity  of  being  uniform  in  word 
and  act.  In  fact,  if  you  wish  yoiu"  horse  to  under- 
stand and  obey  you,  you  must  always  be  honest 
^vith  him — never  tell  him  what  you  do  not  mean — 
never  deceive  him  under  any  circumstances,  but 
gain  his  confidence,  and  never  betray  it.  We  would 
just  as  soon  think  of  betraying  the  confidence  of 
our  brother  man  as  the  horse  we  were  training.  In 
teaching  your  horse  the  word  ivkoa  take  a  strap, 
six  or  eight  feet  in  length,  lay  it  across  his  back  to 
the  right  side,  fasten  to  the  ankle  of  the  right  foot, 
holding  the  strap  in  your  right  hand,  the  left  on 
the  halter  or  bridle ;  now  lead  the  colt  a  few  steps 
and  say  whoa^  at  the  same  time  pull  on  the  strap, 
•which  will  throw  him  on  three  legs,  and  suddenly 
bring  him  to  a  stop,  and  in  a  vers'  short  time  teach 
him  that  the  word  wlioa  means  to  stop.  After  ed- 
ucating your  colt  thoroughly  in  this  manner,  then 


32 

attempt  to  mount  him  by  placing  yoiu'  knee  to  his 
side,  just  baek  of  the  fonvard  forearm,  and  draw 
yourself  gradually  to  his  back  5  if  he  should  at- 
tempt to  move,  pull  on  the  strap,  using  the  Avord 
ichoa^  and  he  will  soon  think  more  of  his  foot  than 
of  you,  for  he  cannot  think  of  both  at  the  same 
time,  as  it  is  impossible  for  a  horse  to  thuik  of  two 
things  at  once.  You  must  now  be  very  carefiil ;  do 
not  try  to  work  fast,  and  do  not  be  in  a  hurry,  for 
you  will  frighten  him  with  your  quick,  hasty 
moves.  If  you  will  work  slowly  for  five  minute?, 
you  will  be  on  his  back,  and  he  ^Yill  show  no  dit- 
ix^sition  to  dismount  you.  We  feel  confident  in 
your  success,  for  we  have  never  failed  in  mounting 
the  worst  that  could  be  brought  in  half  that  time, 
move  slow  and  careful  until  you  get  your  right  leg 
over  his  back,  and  in  the  same  gentle  manner  get 
into  an  ui)right  i^osition.  You  now  have  your  bii- 
dle  reins  in  your  left  hand,  the  strap  in  yoiu?  right, 
which  is  attached  to  the  foot,  and  if  he  attempts  to 
make  a  wrong  move  the  word  whoa,  and  a  pull  at 
the  strap,  ^411  make  all  right.  Bear  in  mind,  how- 
ever, that  there  is  a  great  difference  in  the  temper 
and  intelligence  of  colts,  some  being  quick  to  learn, 
while  others  are  very  stupid.  Remember  that  the 
more  dull  and  stupid  the  subject,  the  jroyq  need  of 
patience  and  i)erseverence,  always  bearing  in  mind 
that  you  are  a  man,  and  are  dealing  with  a  dumb 
brute — that  if  you  are  not  capable  of  controlling 
yourself,  you  certainly  are  not  capable  of  control- 
ing  a  poor  dumb  brute.    Your  colt  will  now  allow 


33 

.YOii  to  mount  and  dismount  at  pleasure.    You  can 
not  expect  him  to  be  liandy  to  tlie  rein  mitil  after 
he  is  properly  bitted,  which  is  the  next  step  with 
the  colt. 


Bitting  tlieColt. 

Wheii  we  speak  of  bitting  the  colt,  we  do  not 
expect  the  first  lesson  to  give  him  a  lofty,  easy, 
graceful  carriage  of  the  head,  it  requires  some  few 
days  diiving  to  so  develop  the  muscles  of  the  neck 
to  carry  it  easy  and  graceful  without  tiring  him. 
The  first  lesson  in  bitting  is  to  educate  him  to 
come  to  the  rein  quick  and  handy,  that  is  readily 
accomplished  by  the  use  of  what  is  denominated 
a  Mexican  tie,  which  is  simply  a  cotton  or  hemp 
€ord. 

(Mr.  Tidball,  tlie  originator  of  this,  used  a  hair 
■eord)  but  ive  finding  that  too  severe  for  a  colt  with 
€1  very  sensitive  mouth  concluded  the  cotton  or 
hemp  better,  cotton  is  preferable,  ^ovr  dear 
reader  let  me  say  to  you  that  this  cord  if  properly 
used  is  very  valuable,  if  not  used  judiciouvsly  it  is 
dangerous  and  would  have  a  bad  effect.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  powerful  instruments  for  controlling 
the  mouth  ever  made  public.  Kow  then  for  its 
practical  use.  Procure  a  half  inch  cotton  cord 
about  fifteen  feet  in  leng-tli,  tie  a  knot  in  each  end, 
pass  the  Ciid  through  twi<3e,  so  the  knot  will  not 
slip  (a  single  tie  is  apt  to  slip  out)  in  one  end  make 
a  loop  about  four  inches  in  diameter,  or  one  that 
you  can  pass  your  hand  through  easy.     This  looj* 


34 

sliould  be  tied  with  a  sailor's  bow-line  knot,  whicls 
is  made  thus :  Hold  both  hands  well  out  from 
you ;  take  one  end  of  the  cord  in  your  right  hand 
between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  end  from 
yoi»  and  the  main  rope  extending  toward  you  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand  and  lying  across  the  little 
finger,  the  palm  being  up,  hold  out  your  left  hand 
with  the  palm  up  ;  lay  the  rope  across?  the  fore- 
finger of  the  left  hand  and'  draw  it  towards  you 
through  the  palm  until  it  is  drawn  through  about 
two  feet  from  the  end  you  hold  in  your  right  hand } 
with  your  right  wind  the  cord  once  round  and 
close  to  the  left,  pass  the  end  you  hold  in  your 
right  under  the  cord  on  the  back  of  your  left  hand^ 
passing  it  from^  the  wrist  towards  the  forefinger 
and  drawing  it  through  about  three  inches,  leav- 
ing the  desired  loop  hanging  below,  keeping  the 
palm  of  the  left  hand  upj  pass  the  end  with  the 
right  hand  under  the  cord  beyond  and  outside  of 
your  left,  passing  it  fr^om  right  to  left,  then  bring 
it  back  over  the  cord  on  the  back  of  your  left 
hand,  i)assing  it  from  the  fingers  towards  the  wrist^ 
barely  i)assing  the  ^not  on  the  end  through  j  with 
the  right  hold  firmly  ui>on  the  end  and  the  loop 
which  was  left  hanging  when  you  passed  the  end 
three  inches  through,  withdraw  youT  left  hand 
and  with  it  take  hold  of  the  main  rope  and  draw 
the  knot  tight.  You  may  think  the  directions  for 
tying  this  knot  rather  a  comi)licated  afiiair  but 
study  the  instructions  given  carefully  and  you 
will  have  but  little  difficulty  howeverj  if  you  should 


35 

fail  in  the  first  attempt  try  again,  two  or  three 
times  trying  you  will  succeed.  The  small  loop  is 
not  used  for  bitting,  but  as  you  will  see  is  used  for 
different  purposes  in  handling  the  horse.  Now 
for  the  other  end  of  the  cord  as  used  for  bitting. 
Take  the  other  end  of  the  cord,  pass  it  around 
the  neck  of  the  colt  about  mid- way  between  the 
ears  and  shoulder,  and  get  the  size  of  the  neck, 
then  remove  from  the  neck  and  tie  a  bowline  knot 
the  same  as  directions  for  small  looj),  now  slip  it 
over  the  colt's  head,  and  back  on  his  neck  as  far  as 
j)racticable,  with  your  right  hand  take  hold  of  the 
cord  about  eighteen  inches  below  the  neck,  and 
carry  it  through  between  the  loop  and  neck  for- 
ward, and  place  the  running  loop  so  formed  into 
the  colt's  mouth ;  now  you  have  him  in  the  posi- 
tion for  bitting.  Take  hold  of  the  cord  that  hangs 
down  from  the  loox3  around  the  neck  in  your  right 
hand,  step  directly  in  front  of  the  colt,  place  your 
left  hand  upon  his  nose,  gently  puU  upon  the  cord 
with  your  right  hand,  with  your  lelt  press  against 
his  nose,  you  see  by  gently  pulling  with  your  right 
and  pushing  with  your  left  you  carry  his  nose  back 
in  the  direction  of  his  chest,  that  position  gives 
him  an  arched  neck,  that  is  the  first  position  of 
the  head  j  the  second  is  to  carry  his  head  well  up. 
to  accomplish  this  it  is  necessary  to  step  about 
four  feet  in  front  of  your  colt's  head,  with  the  cord 
in  your  right  hand,  and  give  a  light  pull  forward 
and  upward,  saying  hold  up  your  head  sir,  anoth- 
er pull,  at  the  same  time  repeating  the  word  (hold 


36 

ui)  your  Lead.)  The  next  move  is  to  educate  Iiim 
to  come  to  tlie  rein  quick  to  the  rigiit  and  lefty 
now  with  your  cord  step  to  the  left  side  of  the 
colt  (eight  or  ten  feet  feet  hack)  and  give  him  a 
sudden  pull,  and  then  to  the  right  side  and  give 
him  another  pull  with  the  cord,  hy  repeating  the 
lesson  about  twenty  minutes  each  day  for  three  or 
four  days,  your  colt  is  well  bitted  he  will  come  to 
the  rein  quick  and  handy.  The  next  is  to  make 
him  acquainted  with  the  bit. 


To  get  llic  Colt  nsea  to  tlie  Bit. 

^N^othing  is  mo7e  desirable  than  to  have  a  horse 
viiTiy  his  head  and  neck  gracefully.  To  eftect  a 
graceful  carriage  of  the  horse's  head  and  neck, 
various  apparatus  have  been  devised- — one  of 
which  is  the  common  old-ftishioned  bitting  harness, 
and  we  must  say  we  are  bitterly  opi)osed  to  its 
use.  The  practice  which  has  been  adopted  by  most 
farmers,  of  placing  the  bitting  harness  on  the 
horse,  and  buckling  up  his  head  as  high  as  they 
well  can — also,  drawing  the  side  straps  very  short, 
and  then  turning  him  out  in  a  pasture  field,  is  not 
only  cruel,  but  it  gives  a  very  ungraceful  stiffness 
to  the  horse's  neck.  How  often  it  has  been  the 
case  where  horses  tiu^ned  out  in  such  a  position 
have  reared  and  thrown  themselves  upon  the 
ground,  struck  the  head  upon  a  log,  stone  or  some 
liard  substance,  and  lost  their  life  ?  In  the  first 
]>lace,  put  your  cord  around  your  horse's  neck, 
i'.nd  into  the  mouth,  just  as  recommended  for  bit- 


ting  the  colt.  Lead  yoiu'  horse  out  of  the  stable; 
let  your  cord  be  about  fifteen  feet  in  length ;  take 
your  whip  in  the  right  hand  5  touch  him  lightly 
on  the  quarters  with  the  whip,  and  occasionally 
give  him  a  pull  with  the  cord,  but  in  doing  so,  if 
he  should  ?tttempt  to  approach  you,  wave  your 
whip  to  keep  him  the  proper  distance ;  and  as  of- 
ten as  he  drops  his  head  give  him  a  sudden  pull 
with  your  cord,  which  will  cause  him  to  keej)  hi8 
head  in  a  proper  i^osition.  Give  him  a  lesson  of 
this  kind  about  fifteen  minutes  each  day  for  three 
or  four  days,  after  which  get  prepared  a  heavy 
surcingle.  This  is  placed  around  your  horse  vnih 
a  crotch  made  the  same  as  the  end  of  a  common 
sawbuck ;  this  is  fastened,  and  placed  on  the  top 
of  the  surcingle,  and  riveted  fast,  leaving  the  top 
ends  about  two  feet  above  the  horse's  back,  with 
inch  buckle  attaehed.  Your  bridle  is  now  put  on 
with  open  reins,  the  end  of  each  fastened  to  the 
buckles  above.  Have  no  side  reins,  but  lead  him 
out  with  yoiu'  cord  as  before.  When  he  attempts 
to  crowd  on  the  bit,  a  little  pull  will  put  him  in  a 
right  position.  When  the  horse  has  become  some- 
what used  to  the  bit,  you  should  buckle  the  stays 
a  little  sliorter,  and  let  him  wear  it  so  for  a  short 
time ;  he  will  very  soon  find  out  that  he  cannot 
lower  his  head,  and  as  his  mouth  will  be  rather 
tender  he  Avill  naturally  raise  his  head  to  take  off 
the  pressure  of  the  bit  from  his  mouth.  You  thus 
give  voluntary  exercise  to  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
and  in  a  short  time  it  becomes  natural  and  easy 


38 

for  the  horse  to  carry  his  head  well  up.  Every 
time  you  put  on  the  bitting  you  can  shorten  your 
straps  a  little,  until  he  carries  his  head  in  the  right 
position. 


Hsiruessing'  tlie  Colt  fbr  tlie  First  Time. 

If  the  colt  is  shy  about  allowing  you  to  put  on 
the  harness,  upon  backing  him  out  of  the  stall  first 
put  the  cord  around  his  neck,  with  running  loop 
in  the  mouth,  (same  as  for  bitting)  and  give  him  a 
shari)  pull  sidewise,  at  the  same  time  repeat  the 
word  whoa,  also  gently  pat  him  upon  the  neck. 
]N^ow  lead  him  to  the  place  on  the  barn  floor  where 
you  wish  to  have  him  stand  while  harnessing, 
quietly  take  down  your  harness  from  the  pegs  5  if 
the  colt  moves  from  his  position,  lay  down  your 
harness  and  give  him  two  or  three  more  sharx^ 
j)ulls  with  the  cord  at  the  same  time  with  a  firm- 
ness repeat  the  word  whoa  5  do  not  speak  too  loud, 
be  careful  in  pulling  him  around  not  to  hurt  him, 
a  few  pulls  with  the  cord,  patting  and  caressing 
about  the  neck  and  face  frequently  repeating  the 
word  whoa,  mil  so  quiet  him,  that  you  will  have  no 
farther  trouble.  We  well  know  this  operation  re- 
quires a  little  time  and  patience.  When  the  har- 
ness is  well  on,  take  it  off  and  repeat  the  process 
until  he  will  allow  you  to  harness  him  without 
scringing.  In  bridling  the  colt  observe  the  same 
rules  with  cord  as  for  harnessing,  with  your  cord 
lead  him  around  the  yard  for  half  an  hour  to  ac- 
quaint him  with  the  moving  of  straps  and  the 


39 

feeling  of  harness  in  his  iinaecustomed  position^ 
if  lie  siiould  attempt  to  escape,  one  pull  with  the 
cord  will  bring  him  to  you  in  a  moment.  After  a 
little  time  you  may  commence  driving  him  with 
the  reins^  take  the  i)re(^ution  to  attach  your  web- 
bing to  the  ankles  of  the  left  forward  foot,  bring 
it  back  between  the  girth  and  body  of  the  colt, 
hold  it  in  your  hands  as  a  third  rein,  if  he  should 
attempt  to  run  pull  ui>on  your  webbing,  take  his 
left  foot  from  Mm ;  that  leaves  him  on  three  feet, 
and  in  your  power,  at  the  time  repeating  the  word 
whoa ;  that  brings  him  to  a  stop.  A  lesson  of  two 
or  three  hours  each  day  for  three  or  four  days, 
turning  him  in  different  directions,  to  stop  and  go 
at  the  word,  impressing  upon  his  mind  that  you 
are  his  superior,  and  can  control  him  at  pleasure, 
he  is  now  ready  for  hitching  in  harness  the  first 
time. 


Hitdiing  tlie  Colt  to  Hf^agoii  tlie  First  Time. 

In  hitching  the  colt  to  wagon  the  first  time,  wc 
think  it  a  far  better  and  safer  plan  to  hitch  him  in 
double  harness,  beside  a  well  broke  horse,  also,  on 
the  off  side,  and  why  1  The  first  handling  your 
colt  receives  has  been  mostly  upon  the  near  side, 
consequently,  he  being  on  the  off  side,  and  the 
broke  horse  on  the  near  side,  where  the  colt  had 
received  his  first  lesson,  he  would  not  be  as  apt  to. 
scringe  as  he  would  be  to  place  the  broke  horse  on 
the  off  side.  Again,  should  an  accident  occur,  to 
cause  you  to  jumj)  from  your  wagon,  it  would  be 


40 

more  natural  for  you  to  jump  to  the  near  side,  anti 
in  stopi)ing  your  team  it  is  more  natural  to  get 
out  on  the  near  side.  The  harness  being  on  both 
horses,  you  will  now  proceed  to  hitch  them  to 
wagon.  In  doing  this  it  will  be  necessary  to  have 
some  one  to  assist  you  5  let  your  assistant  lead  the 
]>roke  horse  to  the  near  side  of  the  pole }  next 
place  yoiu'  colt  to  the  off  side;  let  the  person  help- 
ing you,  hold  the  colt  by  the  head  while  you 
are  buckling  the  reins,  hitching  the  tugs,  and 
placing  the  webbing  or  long  line  to  the  anlde  of 
the  left  forward  foot ;  perhax3S  it  would  be  better 
to  buckle  a  short  strap  around  the  pasturn,  with 
ring  attached,  to  guard  against  chating.  To  be 
more  fully  understood,  we  will  explain  how  it  is 
made :  Take  a  soft  leather  strap,  one  inch  and  a 
half  wide,  and  ten  inches  long,  with  the  inside 
edges  shaved  thin  j  then  take  a  strap  of  firm  lea- 
ther, fifteen  inches  long  and  one  inch  wide;  on  one 
end  place  a  buckle  and  loop,  with  a  lap  of  two 
inches  on  the  under  side ;  in  the  other  end  i:)unch 
liules  for  tho  buckle-tongue,  place  the  inch  strap  on 
the  outside  of  the  wide  strai),  in  the  centre,  with 
one  end  extending  one  inch  beyond  the  buckle ; 
then  stitch  the  two  together,  commenciog  at  the 
buckle,  and  stitching  two  inches,  having  the  loop 
pretty  close  to  the  buckle,  then  sUp  a  one  and  a 
half  inch  ring  over  the  outer  strap,  close  up  to  the 
stitching ;  then  proceed  with  the  stitching,  and 
close  up.  This  finishes  the  strap  which  is  ta 
1>iKklo  around  the  ankle  of  the  forward  foot?   A 


41 

strap  or  webbiiig  fifteen  feet  in  length,  is  Imckled 
or  tied  in  tlie  ring,  and  carried  back  between  tlie 
girth  and  body  of  the  colt,  and  back  into  the 
wagon,  holding  it  with  tlie  lines  in  your  hands. 
All  is  now  ready,  start  up  slowly,  stopioing  occa- 
sionally, while  on  a  walk,  pronouncing  the  word 
"whoa,"  at  the  same  time  pulling  up  on  the  foot 
strap.  You  will  at  once  perceive  that  you  have 
the  most  i:>erfect  control  over  the  colt's  movements. 
Should  he  attempt  to  run,  catch  his  foot  and  bring 
him  to  a  stop  5  don't  halloo  at  the  top  of  your 
voice,  but  with  fii^mness  say  iclioa.  You  may  think 
your  colt  would  stumble  and  fallj  but  strange  as  it 
may  ai)pear  to  you  it  is  almost  imi)ossible  when  in 
that  i)osilion,  for  him  to  fall,  or  even  stumble  while 
in  motion.  The  colt  being  unused  to  work,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  give  him  a  short  drive  the  first 
time,  as  you  do  not  want  him  to  get  leg- weary,  and 
become  sullen ;  after  which  you  can  give  him  short 
and  lively  drives  until  he  becomes  way- wised,  and 
obeys  the  rein  and  word  quickly.  When  he  has 
by  this  means  become  accustomed  to  being  han- 
dled without  scringmg,  or  shoAving  signs  of  fear, 
you  may  then  hitch  him  up  single. 


llitcl&ing*  tlae  Colt  isi  Single  Harness. 

Put  on  your  harness  carefully,  which  should  be 
strong  in  every  respect,  and  well  fitted  to  your 
colt  5  lead  him  around  for  a  short  time,  until  he 
becomes  familiar  with  the  harness,  then  check 
him  quite  loosely  at  first.    Take  your  webbing,  op 


42 

the  strap,  tliat  you  have  used  to  handle  his  feetj 
attach  one  end  to  the  ankle  of  the  right  forward 
foot,  carrying  it  back  through  between  the  belly- 
band  of  your  harness  and  the  colt.  Now  take 
your  reins  from  the  X)ad,  and  you  have  three  reins, 
two  to  his  head  and  one  to  his  foot.  Kow  drive 
him  about  a  short  time  j  when  you  want  him  to 
stop,  use  the  word  tolwa.)  and  take  his  foot.  Now 
])lace  the  web  or  strap  between  his  hind  legs,  touch- 
ing him  gently  on  each  leg,  if  he  should  attempt 
to  jumj)  or  kick,  say  whoa,  pull  on  the  foot  strap, 
then  gently  approach  him,  pat  and  caress,  to  let 
him  know  that  you  are  with  him,  and  that  he  has 
done  right  in  stopping.  Continue  this  until  he 
will  start  and  stop  at  the  wordj  come  to  the  right 
or  left',  as  the  reins  indicate.  He  is  now  prepared 
for  the  wagon.  Do  not  be  tempted  under  any  cir- 
cumstances to  use  an  old  rotten  harness,  or  to 
hitch  your  colt  to  an  old  rotten,  rattling  wagon, 
liable  to  give  way  on  the  first  move  of  the  colt. 
Many  valuable  colts  have  been  so  frightened 
through  such  (*ferelessness  as  to  become  almost 
useless. 

Make  everything  safe  and  sure,  as  safety  and 
certainty  should  be  yeur  motto. 

Before  you  liitch  your  colt  into  the  shafts,  lead 
him  around  the  wagon  or  sleigh,  and  let  him  ex- 
amine ever^^  part  of  it ;  then  back  him  into  the 
shafts  ;  stand  on  the  left  side  of  your  colt ;  have 
the  strap  or  webbing  attached  to  the  right  fore- 
foot, and  over  the  back,  holding  it  constantly  in 


43 

your  baud ;  now  gently  lift  the  shafts,  and  make 
him  fast;  if  he  should  attemi)t  to  move,  the  word 
whoa,  and  the  use  of  the  foot  strap,  would  quiet 
him  J  now  step  to  the  right  side,  take  the  foot  strap, 
pass  one  end  over  the  belly  band  of  the  harness, 
and  carry  it  back  on  the  right  side  of  the  wagon, 
over  the  hold  back  strap,  using  that  as  a  third  rein 
in  your  hand.  You  see  now  that  you  are  all  safe. 
If  he  attempts  to  run,  i)ull  upon  this  strap,  wldch 
instantly  throws  him  on  three  legs,  therefore  he  is 
obliged  to  stop  J  if  he  attempts  to  rim  back,  the 
same  remedy  stops  him;  if  he  attempts  to  kick, 
call  his  attention  to  his  forward  foot  instantly. 

is"ow  all  that  is  necessarj'  is  to  be  careful,  and 
use  a  little  common  sense  in  teaching  your  colt 
what  you  want  him  to  do ;  in  a  very  short  time 
you  have  a  colt  that  you  can  recommend  as  pro- 
IDcrly  broken,  safe  and  kind  for  any  one  to  drive, 
which  is  almost  the  first  question  asked  by  the  pur- 
chaser. 

We  have  now  taken  you  through  the  whole  list 
of  training  yoiu^  colt,  and  we  hope  you  will  never 
lose  sight  of  all  the  important  principle  of  our  sys- 
tem :  Patience,  Perseverance,  and  Kindness,  with 
a  good  share  of  Firmness ;  and  also  remember 
that  colts  should  be  trained  not  brolxen.  Train  a 
colt  in  the  way  he  should  go,  and  he  will  never 
need  breaking.  Do  not  do  as  many  i^eople  do,  let 
their  colts  run  until  they  are  four  or'five  years  old, 
and  then  undertake  to  break  them  the  old  fash- 
ioned way;  this  is  impracticable,  for  you  as  ofteii 


u 

break  tlieir  constitutions,  their  coiu^age,  their  spir- 
its, and  sometimes  their  }iecl'Sj  and  very  often  the 
breakers  themselves  get  hurt.  The  colt  should  be 
taught  step  by  step,  with  patience  and  persever- 
ance, what  you  wish  him  to  do ;  not  driven  to  do 
what  he  does  not  know — what  he  cannot  under- 
stand— while  smarting  under  the  lash. 

We  will  noAv  commence  with  the  old  bad  horse's 
1j  arness  trick.  We  have  very  often  remarked  that 
ninety -nine  out  of  every  hundred  vicious  horses 
in  harness  are  horses  with  ungovernable  mouths. 
If  we  govern  the  mouth  we  will,  in  almost  every 
instance,  have  a  controlable  horse.  We  will  ask, 
(lid  the  reader  ever  see  a  balky,  kicking,  bolting, 
plunging,  runaway  horse,  with  a  fine,  easy,  gov- 
ernable mouth  ?  We  never  have,  therefore  we  al- 
Avays  give  the  vicious  horse  a  thorough  training 
with  the  Intting  cord  before  hitching  up ;  in  a  short 
time  he  will  learn  to  yield  the  mouth  readily  to 
the  pressure  of  the  bit,  after  he  has  been  thorough- 
ly trained  with  the  cord.  We  wish  to  convince 
him  beyoiul  a  question  that  w^e  have  the  power  to 
handle  him  just  as  we  wish,  and  will  just  s^^  that 
we  consider  it  necessary  to  handle  all  horses  in 
a  manner  to  com- ince  them  that  they  can  be  con- 
troled  'j  let  your  lessons  be  thorougii,  but  not  very 
long;  be  gentle  and  patient  with  the  colt,  but  make 
the  old  stubborn  and  vicious  horse  feel  the  extent 
of  your  power  until  he  submits  ;  then  repeat  un- 
til he  yields  unconditional  submission;  then  be 


45 

gentle  and  kind,  yet  firm,  in  your  treatment   af 
terwards. 

After  testing  all  otlier  i^lans  that  iiave  been 
brouglit  before  tlie  pnblic,  we  must  say  that  our 
present  system  for  handling  a  vicious  horse — ^to 
subdue  him — or  for  performing  surgical  opera- 
tions, that  it  is  far  ahead  of  anjiihing  ever  made 
public,  and  if  we  had  retired  from  the  business  of 
teaching  Horsemanshii)  we  would  not  be  deprived 
of  the  use  of  this  one  point  for  ten  times  its  cost. 
The  first  step  in  the  management  of  a  bad  horse 
is  to  show  him  that  his  willfuilness  must  yield  to 
superior  iiower.  This  you  can  do  best  with  the 
use  of  our  surcingle,  which  we  will  now  explain  so 
that  you  need  not  make  a  mistake. 


IL<csii*]fiiiig-  a,  Colt  to  Sack. 

Learning  the  colt  to  back  is  the  next  operation, 
and  is  a  matter  of  great  importance,  as  the  future 
value  of  your  colt  depends  upon  his  being  thor- 
ougldy  broken.  It  vshould  be  commenced  while 
bitting  the  colt;  and  before  you  ever  attempt  to 
liarness  youshoidd  teach  him  to  back  i)rom]3tly  at 
the  word,  in  the  following  maimer:  Have  on  bit- 
ting bridle,  stand  in  front  and  a  little  to  the  left 
of  your  colt,  your  left  hand  on  the  bridle,  in  your 
right  a  light  spring  top  whip  j  now  give  a  quick 
pidl  on  the  bridle,  at  the  same  moment  a  light 
blow  on  the  nose  with  your  whip  and  say,  '^  back, 
sir  f  eavse  w])  on  the  bridle,  your  whip  at  youi' right 
side,  patting  and  caressing  on  the  neck  with  your 


46 

right  hand  J  in  a  few  moments  try  it  again.  By 
repeating  this  a  few  times  he  will  learn  what  you 
mean  by  saying  "back,  sir."  He  is  now  ready  to 
harness. 


Su1>diiins;  tJte  Colt. 

The  plan  for  subjugating  wild  colts  and  vicious 
horses  has  been  experimented  upon  more  than  all 
other  points  in  horsemanship.  At  present  there 
are  five  different  modes  of  operating,  as  follows : 
Mr.  J.  S.  Earey's  plan  of  strapping  the  foot ;  Mes- 
srs. Kockwell  &  Hmibut's  whirling  until  he  stag- 
gers, or  falls  to  the  ground ;  Messrs.  D.  Magner  & 
Dudley  claim  to  have  an  improvement  upon  the 
last  named  by  tieing  a  loop  in  the  end  of  his  tail , 
taking  the  tie  strap  of  the  halter,  pass  it  through 
the  loop,  bringing  his  head  to  his  side,  and  tied 
fast  to  the  tail ;  he  then  with  a  bow-top  whip  steps 
behind  the  horse,  cracks  him  sharp  in  the  quarters, 
and  keeps  him  whirling  until  he  falls.  Another 
plan,  as  introduced  by  Prof.  Hamilton,  is  to  pro- 
cure a  piece  of  rein  webbing  ten  feet  in  length,  at- 
tach one  end  to  the  ankle  of  the  left  forward  foot, 
made  fast  with  a  timber  hitch,  which  is  made  thus : 
take  the  end  of  the  webbing,  carry  it  to  the  inside 
of  the  pastern,  bring  it  around  the  ankle  to  the 
outside,  thence  under  the  main  webbing  over  to  the 
outside  and  back  of  the  pastern,  then  pass  the  end 
under  and  up  through  between  the  ankle  and  web- 
bing, passing  the  end  through  tmce,  and  slipped 
up  close  (a  knot  tied  after  that  manner  cannot  slip 


47 

or  injure  tlie  pastern,  and  will  also  untie  without 
trouble).  After  the  web  is  made  fast  to  the  pas- 
tern  of  the  left  forward  foot,  the  other  end  is  car- 
ried through  under  the  chest,  and  over  the  horse-s 
back  to  the  near  side  j  a  half-inch  cord  is  now  tied 
around  the  horse^s  neck,  about  midway  between 
the  head  and  shoulder,  a  running  looi>  is  then  pas- 
sed through  between  the  neck  and  cord,  carried 
forward  and  looi)ed  into  the  mouth.  He  now  lifts 
the  left  forward  foot,  takes  the  webbing  that  is 
brought  over  the  back  to  the  near  side,  draws  it 
close,  winds  the  webbing  around  his  right  hand, 
and  presses  the  knuckles  hard  on  the  left  side  of 
the  back  5  with  the  left  hand  reaches  to  the  off  side 
of  the  horse's  neck,  gi'asps  the  cord  that  is  looped 
into  the  mouth,  and  carries  his  head  against  his 
right  shoulder.  After  moving  him  upon  three  legs 
for  a  little  time,  he  then  throws  hira  upoii  the  left 
side.  All  of  the  above  named  plans  may  answer 
very  well,  but  we  never  adopt  any  of  them,  only 
with  the  green  colt.  In  handling  a  wild  colt,  if  he 
(at  times)  becomes  stubborn  and  willful,  we  grasp 
the  halter  ^ith  the  left  hand,  with  the  right  gTasp 
the  tail,  and  give  him  a  few  sharp  whirls  to  the 
left,  until  he  is  somewhat  dizzy,  we  then  slip  to  the 
opposite  side,  with  the  right  hand  grasp  the  nose- 
piece  of  the  halter,  with  the  left  the  tail,  give  him 
a  few  sliarp  turns  to  the  right;  if  he  is  rather  sul- 
len and  refuses  to  move,  with  your  left  boot  give 
him  a  few  kicks  across  the  quarter,  that  will  give 
him  a  st^rt,  after  which  you  can  whirl  him  either 


48 

'way  as  fast  as  you  like.  Tliis  will  have  a  good  effect 
upon  a  wild  colt  that  has  acquired  no  vicious  hab- 
its ;  but  for  the  old  horse  we  use  our  surcingle ; 
vStudy  and  fully  understand  its  use  and  you  will 
not  fail  to  bring  them  to  an  unconditional  surren- 
der. Eead  carefully  the  next  point  in  order,  and 
its  use  will  be  folly  exi^lained. 


Mo^v  to  Siil>«liic  Si,  TicloMs  Morse* 

Much  has  been  said  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Earey's  systein 
of  subjugating  vicious  horses.  It  is  known  almost 
the  world  over.  He  has  taught  his  system  in  the 
United  States,  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  and  has 
also  had  the  pleasure  of  operating  before  the  Eoy- 
al  Court  in  England;  and  as  far  as  our  knowledge 
extends,  his  system  is  met  with  approval  of  all 
those  that  have  attended  his  lectures.  But  after 
giving  him  all  the  praise  that  is  due,  you  must 
consider  Mr.  Earey's  system  for  subjugating  vici- 
ous horses  is  like  all  other  new  inventions  that  are 
brought  before  the  public — in  a  short  time  there 
are  very  great  improvements. 

The  plan  we  adoi>t  by  which  to  subdue  vicious 
horses  we  consider  far  superior  when  compared 
with  Mr.  Earey's.  We  both  accomplish  the  same 
object,  but  by  a  different  way  of  operating.  And 
why  do  we  emi^loy  such  means  by  which  to  sub- 
due vicious  horses;  it  is  to  put  Mm  in  a  position 
that  he  is  unconscious  of  the  amount  of  his  strength, 
satisfy  and  convince  him  that  we  can  control  him 
to  our  liking,  and  when  once  conquered  he  sub- 


49 

^its  himself  to  our  will,  after  which  he  will  do  al- 
most anything  we  may  require  of  him. 

Now,  clear  readers,  before  you  attempt  to  do  any 
thing,  it  is  necessary  to  know  just  what  you  are 
going  to  do,  and  how  you  are  going  to  do  it ;  and 
if  you  are  experienced  in  the  art  of  taming  wild 
horses  you  ought  to  be  able  to  tell  within  a  few 
minutes  the  length  of  time  it  would  take  you  te 
bring  a  wild  horse  perfectly  under  your  control. 

We  have  given  you  the  first  step.  He  is  brought 
up,  and  will  follow  you  by  the  use  of  the  whip, 
Now,  the  next  point  is  to  subdue  and  conquer  him. 
Let  your  cord  remain  upon  your  horse  the  same  as 
for  halter  breaking.  By  the  use  of  the  cord  you 
win  be  able  to  keep  him  quiet  while  i)lacing  the 
surcingle  around  liis  body,  and  other  steps  neces- 
sary for  his  subjugation.  Mr.  Rarey  bedded  the 
floor  with  straw,  but  we  think  it  better  to  have  a 
clean  floor,  and  pad  well  the  knees.  If  your  floor 
is  clean  and  diy  there  is  no  danger  of  your  horse 
slipping  J  if  you  use  straw  upon  the  floor  it  is  apt 
to  give  imder  his  feet  j  he  would  slip,  and  perhaps 
get  injured.  Now  for  the  plan  and  use  of  the  sur 
cingie : 


I>£nieu<>»ioii.s  aiiid  Use  ol*  j^urciiigler 

This  is  six  feet  six  inches  in  length,  with  twx^lve 
rings  attached  to  it  5  the  first  ring  is  five .  inches 
from  the  buckle  on  the  front  edge  ;  next  five  inch- 
es from  the  first  on  the  back  edge ;  next,  six  inch- 
es  from  the  second.     (This  third  riup<  js?  nvied  fo?" 


50 

the  left  forward  foot.)  The  fourth  ring  six  inchej? 
from  the  third,  placed  to  the  back  edge.  The  fiftli 
iind  sixth  rings  are  used  as  pulley  rings  to  bring: 
ui)  the  right  forward  foot ;  the  fifth  ring  five  inch- 
es from  the  fourth ;  the  sixth  three  inches  from 
the  fifth.  ]N"ext  is  a  small  ring  two  inches  from 
the  sixth  on  front  edge  J  next^  eight  inches  from 
seventh  on  back  edge-,  next,  nine  inches  from 
eighth;  next,  three  inches  from  ninth  on  back 
edge ;  next,  one  inch  from  eleventh  on  back  edge : 
the  second  and  seventh  rings  are  attached  to  the 
front  edge  of  the  surcingle,  used  for  bringing  the 
horse's  head  on  his  side  when  performing  siu^gical 
operations.  The  first,  fourth,  eighth,  tenth,  and 
twelfth,  are  attached  to  the  back  edge  by  the  \ise 
of  short  straps  fastened  with  copper  rivets ;  these 
are  used  for  fastening  both  hind  feet  to  the  sur- 
cingle when  performing  operations  such  as  castra- 
ting, fireing^  etc. 

You  are  now  acquainted  with  the  plan ;  now 
for  its  practical  use..  Take  your  surcingle,  aj)- 
proach  your  horse  on  the  left  side,  put  it  around 
his  body ;  buckle  so  the  third  ring  will  be  just  in 
the  position  by  which  to  fasten  the  left  forward 
foot.  Place  in  the  third  ring  a  strap  eighteen  inch- 
es in  length,  one  inch  and  a  quartei  wide,  with 
buckle  and  two  loops,  the  same  as  common  hame 
strap;  this  put  through  the  third  ring,  the  end 
slipped  into  the  loop  on  the  unfinished  side,  and 
drawn  through.  The  strap  now  hangs  by  the 
third  ring,  fastened  by  a  loop  just  back  of  the  lett 


51 

forward  arm.  On  tlie  right  side  of  the  horse  Just 
back  of  the  arm,  are  the  fifth  and  sixth  rings. 
You  have  prex^ared  another  strap  fifteen  feet  in 
length,  and  one  inch  wide.  One  end  of  this  strap 
is  buckled  on  the  fifth  ringj  also  a  small  stra]) 
eight  inches  in  length,  with  one  ring  attached. 
This  is  buckled  around  the  ankle  of  right  forward 
leg,  ring  on  outside.  The  other  end  of  fifteen  feet 
strajo  passes  through  the  ring  at  the  pastern,  and 
brought  up  through  the  sixth  over  the  horse's  back. 
All  is  now  in  readiness  for  handling  your  horse. 

You  are  standing  on  the  left  side  of  your  horse. 
Take  up  the  left  fore  foot,  and  bend  his  knee  till 
his  hoof  is  bottom  ujpward,  and  nearly  touching 
his  body;  the  strap  hanging  to  the  third  ring  is 
Ijrought  around*  tlie  ankle  and  buckled.  The  left 
foot  is  now  secured,  and  leaves  your  horse  stand- 
ing on  three  feet,  and  in  j'our  ijower.  You  are 
standing  on  the  left  side  of  your  horse ;  grasp  the 
bridle-rein  on  the  left  side  of  the  horse's  neck,  six 
inches  from  the  bits.  Eeach  over  the  horse's  back 
with  your  right,  holding  the  strap  that  comes  fiom 
the  opposite  foot ;  bear  against  his  shoulder  till 
you  cause  him  to  move.  As  soon  as  he  lifts  his 
foot,  your  pulling  with  your  right  will  raise  it  in 
the  same  position  as  his  left,  and  he  will  have  to 
come  on  his  knees ;  keep  the  strap  tight  in  your 
right  hand,  so  that  he  cannot  straighten  his  leg  if 
he  rises  up.  Hold  him  in  this  position,  and  turn 
his  head  towards  you ;  bear  against  his  side  with 
your  shoulder,  not  hard,  but  v>'ith  a  steady,  equal 


52 

l^ressurCj  and  in  about  ten  minutes  lie  will  lie  down. 
As  soon  as  lie  lies  down  lie  will  be  comi>letely 
conquered,  and  you  can  liandle  bini  as  you  please ; 
take  off  tbe  strains,  and  straigbten  out  bis  legs ; 
rub  biin  gently  about  tbe  face  and  neck  witb  your 
band,  tbe  way  tbe  bair  lies  j  baudle  all  bis  le^s, 
and  after  be  bas  lain  ten  or  twenty  minutes  ]fet 
bim  get  up  j  after  resting  bim  a  sbort  time,  lie  liim 
down  again.  Repeat  tbe  operation  tbree  or  four 
times,  wbicb  will  be  suflacient  in  most  cases,  for  be 
is  perfectly  conquered,  and  bas  submitted  bimself 
to  your  will,  and  can  be  educated  to  do  almost 
anytbing  you  may  require  of  bun. 

By  tbe  use  of  tbe  surcingle,  you  can  i>lace  your 
borse  in  any  position  you  like,  witbout  tbe  assist- 
ance of  any  one ;  be  can  be  castrated  in  twenty 
minutes  by  one  alone,  can  be  educated  to  know 
tbat  a  Buffalo  robe,  umbrella,  piece  of  paper,  or 
any  object  bowever  ffigbtful,  is  barmless,  and  af- 
ter once  educated  in  tbat  manner  you  bave  no 
furtber  trouble. 


Castrating:. 

Tbe  plan  usually  adoi^ted  for  tbrowing  and  cas- 
trating tbe  colt  bas  been  attended  witb  more  or 
less  danger,  time  and  trouble.  Tbe  operator  bas 
l>repared  a  rope  about  one  incb  and  a  balf  in  di- 
ameter, and  some  twenty  feet  in  lengtb,  in  tbe 
center  is  made  a  loop,  wbicb  is  slipped  over  bis 
head  and  neck  down  to  tbe  shoulders,  tbe  ends 
carried  back  and  around  tbe   ankles  of  tbe  bind 


53 

feet.  One  man  is  placed  on  each  side  of  the  colt, 
holding  the  ends  of  said  rope ;  the  third  man  at 
his  head.  The  two  men  holding  the  ends  of  the 
rope,  pull,  while  the  man  at  his  head  endeavors  to 
back  him.  After  some  severe  struggling,  he  is 
thrown  back  upon  his  haunches.  I  must  say  the 
plan  is  not  only  cruel,  but  attended  with  a  great 
amount  of  danger  5  the  colt  does  not  recover  from 
his  injuries  for  some  time.  Two  valuable  colts,  to 
our  certain  knowledge,  were  rendered  worthless 
by  the  use  of  the  above-mentioned  step  in  throw- 
ing them:  one  had  his  thigh  broken ;  the  other 
so  injured  across  the  loin  that  he  became  useless. 
By  the  use  of  our  surcingle  as  described  on  pre- 
vious page,  any  boy  fifteen  years  of  age  can  lay 
down  a  horse  easily,  and  place  him  in  any  position 
for  performing  surgical  operations  of  any  kind, 
without  the  assistance  of  any  one.  In  sections 
where  we  are  travelling  in  the  spring  season,  colts 
are  sent  to  us  daily  to  be  castrated,  and  not  in  a 
single  case  have  we  occupied  more  than  ten  min- 
utes in  performing  the  operation,  without  any  as- 
sistance. By  the  use  of  our  surcingle  it  can  be  ac- 
plished  in  ten  minutes  (alone),easier  than  adopt  the 
old  fashion  way,  with  half  a  dozen  assistants. 


HoTF  to  I>rive  a  RiinaTva  y  Horse. 

This  is  easily  effected  by  buckling  a  strap  eight 
inches  in  length,  one  inch  wide,  around  the  ankle 
of  the  left  forward  foot,  with  inch  ring  attached  ; 
another  strap  fifteen  feet  in  length,  one  inch  wide, 


54 

with  one  eucl  buckled  to  the  haine  ring,  the  other 
end  slipped  through  the  ring  attached  to  the  past- 
ern, and  from  thence  under  the  hii)-strap  into  the 
wagon.  By  adopting  this  plan  you  can  remain 
seated  and  control  him  as  you  please.  When  you 
move  your  horse  pull  on  your  strap,  and  by  so  do- 
ing you  bend  the  leg  inward,  so  as  to  bring  the 
bottom  of  the  hoof  nearly  up  to  his  body.  Your 
horse  now  stands  on  'three  legs,  and  you  can 
manage  him  as  you  please,  for  he  can  neither  rear, 
run,  nor  do  anything  of  a  serious  nature.  This 
simple  operation  will  conquer  a  vicious  horse  quick- 
er than  any  other  plan  that  can  be  adopted  ;  it 
does  not  hurt  him,  while  it  enables  him  to  per- 
ceive that  you  can  render  him  powerless.  His 
foot  claims  all  his  attention,  and  you  can  drive 
him  at  your  pleasure.  He  may  at  first  get  very 
mad,  and  strike  with  his  knees,  but  will  soon  give 
over,  after  which  you  may  go  to  him,  let  his  foot 
down,  and  caress  him.  You  must  bear  ifi  mind 
that  he  will  tire  very  quickly  on  tliree  legs ;  hence 
you  should  let  him  have  his  foot  as  soon  as  he 
seems  to  be  fatigued.  You  can  let  him  have  his 
foot  without  getting  out  of  the  wagon ;  let  your 
strap  be  a  little  slack,  the  ring  on  the  pastern  slip- 
ping backwards  and  forwards  as  he  travels,  so 
that  no  obstruction  is  in  the  way.  Drive  him 
with  his  foot  down  as  long  as  he  is  quiet,  but  if  he 
attempts  to  do  anything  wrong,  pull  on  the  strap 
and  take  his  foot  from  him  again.  If  he  manifests 
a  desu-e  to  run  let  him  have  the  lines,  but  keep 


tlie  strap  firm  that  is  attached  to  liis  foot ;  lie  will 
soon  tire,  and  stop  at  the  word.  By  driving  him 
in  that  way  a  short  time,  you  will  have  efiectually 
mastered  his  disposition  to  run,  or  try  to  get  away. 
We  have  seen  hordes,  totally  unmanageable  from 
their  vicious  propensities,  so  gentled  by  this  pro- 
cess that  in  a  few  hom^s  they  might  be  driven  any- 
w^here  with  perfect  safety ;  and  one  great  advan- 
tage of  the  'plan  is,  that  the  results  are  perma- 
nent. 


HoTT  to  I>i*ive  a  Kicking'  If  orsc. 

It  must  be  remembered  this  is  a  vice  foremost 
in  point  of  danger.  A  vicious  kicking  horse  is 
more  dangerous  than  one  possessed  of  any  other 
vice.  If  your  horse  is  a  little  nervous,  lie  him 
down  with  your  surcingle,  and  gently  harness  him 
as  though  he  were  ever  so  kind.  Then  put  on 
your  ten-cent  cord  bridle.  This  is  made  by  taking 
a  half-inch  cord  twenty  feet  in  length ;  get  the 
centre,  and  loop  two  gang-runners  one  foot  apart ; 
now  place  it  on  the  horse^s  head  just  back  of  his 
ears,  with  loop  on  each  side ;  the  ends  are  brought 
down,  crossed  through  the  mouth,  and  back 
through  the  loops  above.  Kow  your  bridle  is  ar- 
ranged on  his  head.  Take  the  ends  (after  brought 
through  the  gang-nmners)  back  through  the  tur- 
rets of  your  pad ;  place  your  horse  between  your 
shafts  ;  buckle  the  belly-band  close,  so  your  shafts 
cannot  rise;  then  place  a  pidly  on  the  top  of  the 
shafts,  each  side  of  the  horse's  quarters ;  make 


56 

them  fast.  Then  bring  the  cords  fi'om  the  turret.^ 
that  are  attached  to  the  pad  under  the  wheels  of 
the  pulley,  over  the  horse's  quarters,  and  make 
them  fast.  Your  horse  is  in  just  the  right  posi- 
tion. Have  no  fear,  for  you  can  drive  any  kicking 
horse  ^vith  it  anywhere  you  please.  K  he  attempts 
to  raise  his  quarters,  he  throws  his  head  violently 
into  the  air,  and  can  dp  no  harm  5  it  has  a  pecu- 
liar advantage  over  him,  for  it  does  not  hinder 
the  traveling,  as  there  is  nothing  attached  to  his 
feet  J  and  all  you  have  to  attend  to  is  your  lines.. 
Drive  him_in  that  manner  for  three  or  four  days, 
after  which  remove  it,  and  your  horse  is  effectual- 
ly broken  of  the  vice. 


Auotlier  Plan  for  Driving*  a  H^clner  in  Har* 

Place  him  between  your  shafts  as  before ;  place 
your  cord  bridle  upon  his  head,  and  arrange 
it  same  as  first  lesson  for  driving  kickers  in  har- 
ness. Kow  get  a  two  inch  ring,  place  it  on  the 
top  of  the  back  strap,  where  the  hip  straps  cross ;, 
get  a  piece  of  harness  leather  four  inches  long  and 
one  inch  wide.  Stand  the  ring  on  the  edge,  take 
the  lour  inch  strap,  j)ass  it  through  the  ring,  and 
stitch  fast  on  each  side.  The  ring  is  now  made 
fast  to  the  back  strap  on  top  of  the  horse's  hips» 
Take  the  ends  of  your  cord  bridle  (after  passing 
them  through  the  gag-runners),  bring  them  back 
to  the  horse's  quarters,  and  pass  both  ends  througk 
the  ring  that  is  attached  to  the  back  strap  5    tlxo 


cord  that  is  passed  througli  the  g'ag--ruiiner,  on  the 
left  side  of  the  horse's  head,  that  hehig  passed 
through  the  ring,  is  brought  down  across  the  left 
hip,  and  made  fast  to  the  shaft ;  the  one  on  the 
right  side  of  the  head  is  passed  through  the  ring, 
carried  down  over  the  right  hip  of  the  horse,  and 
made  fast  to  the  off  side  shaft — drawn  close  enough 
to  keep  his  head  well  up.  We  think  the  explana- 
tion given,  sufficient  to  give  the  reader  a  full  un- 
derstanding of  the  horse's  position.  Get  into 
your  wagon,  start  your  horse,  all  you  have  to  at- 
tend to  is  your  reins.  You  see  at  once  if  the  horse 
attemi^ts  to  raise  his  quarters,  he  sends  his  head 
violently  into  the  air.  The  cord  bridle  in  his 
mouth  is  very  severe,  and  has  a  powerful  control- 
ling  influence.  In  hitching  him  up  the  first  time, 
we  would  recommend  hitching  him  to  a  two- 
wheeled  vehicle,  with  shafts  strong,  made  of  poles 
some  three  inches  in  diameter.  Should  jou  have 
a  horse  of  this  kind,  in  kicking  should  he  curb  his 
mouth  against  his  chest,  and  kicking  almost 
straight  back,  without  raising  his  head  but  little, 
place  an  iron  standing  martingale  two  and  a  half 
feet  in  length  from  the  hames  to  the  bits ;  that 
will  keep  his  head  well  uj),  and  he  can  do  no  harm. 
Drive  the  kicker  in  that  position  for  eight  or  ten 
days;  drive  him  in  such  i)laces  where  he  would  be 
most  likely  to  get  frightened  and  attempt  to  kick. 
We  think  that  length  of  time  will  subdue  and 
conquer  the  most  of  kickers. 


58 


Hoiar  to  Effaiitllc  a  KicSiiiag-  Horse  in  Double 
llui'iie^^^ 

In  handling  a  kicking  liors^  in  double  liarness 
you  can  virtually  adopt  tlie  same  plan  as  recom- 
mended in  single  liarness.  Hitcli  him  to  pole  by 
the  side  of  a  well  broke  horse ;  procure  a  heavy 
wagon  shaft,  with  a  bow  at  the  butt,  the  same  as 
for  carriage.  Step  to  the  side  of  your  horse,  pass 
the  small  end  through  the  lug  strap  (as  in  single 
harness)  turning  it  sidewise,  then  carry  the  point 
of  the  crooked  end  under  the  end  of  the  evener, 
leaving  a  la})  of  some  four  inches,  and  make  fast 
with  two  half-inch  bolts,  bend  projecting  outward, 
after  which  i^rocure  a  strap  four  and  a-half  or  five 
feet  lo\\g  (owing  to  size  of  horses),  one  inch  and 
a-half  wide,  with  billet  buckle  and  loop  attached 
to  each  end,  the  same  as  your  reins  are  buckled 
into  the  ring  of  the  bits.  One  end  of  this  strap 
is  buckled  around  the  false  shaft,  where  it  passes 
through  the  tug  strap  of  the  harness  of  the  kick- 
ing horse ;  the  other  end  is  passed  through  under 
the  chest  of  each  horse,  just  back  of  the  forward 
legs,  and  buckled  into  the  outside  tug  buckle  of 
the  opposite  horse.  That  is  to  prevent  the  shaft 
from  raising  when  the  horse  attempts  to  kick. 
]N'ow  place  j^our  cord  bridle  upon  the  horse's  head, 
as  recommended  in  single  harness ;  bring  the  ends 
back,  and  pass  them  through  the  ring  made  fast 
on  the  top  of  the  hips ;  on  one  side  bring  one  of 
the  cords  down  across  the  hip,  and  make  it  fast  to 
the  pole;  the  other  end  over  the  hip,  and  make 


59 

fast  to  the  false  shaft.    He  is  now  in  almost  tlie 
same  position  as  when  between  the  single  shafts. 
The  strap  under  the  chest  prevents  the  shaft  from 
rising,  should  he  attempt  to  kick,  also  the  horses 
from  spreading.    We  have  another  plan  of  work- 
ing a  Kicking  horse  in  double  harness,  and  why 
we  do  not  recommend  it  in  all  cases  is  because  the 
operator  is  too  apt  to  get  careless,  and  neglect  to 
watch  closely  the  moves  of  the  horse.    The  oper- 
ator can  always  tell  by  watching  him  closely ,when 
he  is  premeditating  a  vicious  move :  a  little  scring- 
ing, dropping  of  the  ear,  frisking  of  the  tail,  hog- 
ging down  on  the  bit  with  a  sudden  start,  all  in- 
dicate something  wrong.     Consequently,  you  see 
'tis  liighly  necessary  to  watch  his  moves  closely. 
The  plan  we  were  about  to  speak  of  is  as  follows, 
and  oiu'  experience  in  handling  horses  wairants 
us  in  recommending  it  a  good  one :    Hitch  your 
kicker  by  the  side  of  a  well  broke  horse,  procure  a 
strong  half  mch  cord  fifteen  or  eighteen  feet  in 
length,  pass  it  around  the  horse's  neck,  get  the 
size',  tie  your  bowline  knot,  slip  it  over  the  head, 
and  well  down  toward  the  shoulder,  then  take 
hold  of  the  cord  below,  pass  it  through  the  loop, 
between  the  neck  and  cord,  and  place  the  running 
loop  into  his  mouth,  same  as  for  bitting ;  then  at- 
tach the  long  foot  strap  to  the  ankle  of  the  inside 
forward  foot,   carry  the  other  end  back  between 
the  girth  and  bocfy,  into  the  wagon;  alsoyourcord. 
Get  some  friend  to  ride  with  you  the  first  time,  he 
driving  the  team,  you  handling  the  cord  and  foot 


60 

strap.  If  he  attempts  to  kick,  take  his  foot  from 
him,  give  him  a  sudden  pull  ^ith  the  cord.  We 
have  broken  some  of  the  worst  kind  in  a  very  few 
days  by  adopting  this  plan.  You  have  a  powerful 
controlling  influence  over  them,  as  they  can  nei- 
ther run  nor  kick.     Try  it. 


Ho^v  to  use  a  Bailky  Horse. 

If  ever  we  felt  that  the  horse  deserved  the  phil- 
anthroi)ic  sympathy  of  man,  it  has  been  when  we 
have  seen  a  man  ignorant  and  brutal  in  his  own 
nature  trying  to  move  a  balky  horse.  We  will 
have  been  amply  repaid,  and  will  have  certainly 
given  every  one  who  buys  this  book  a  rich  equiva- 
lent for  his  money,  if  by  its  perusal  we  induce  a 
more  civilized  mode  of  treatment.  We  are  to  re- 
member that  balking  is  an  acquired  habit,  and 
not  from  any  disinclination  on  his  part  to  pull. 
We  know  that  some  men  will  take  the  very  best 
pulling  horse,  and  in  a  short  time  make  him  balk, 
simply  from  mismanagement.  It  is  not  the  dull, 
indolent  horse  which  balks,  but  the  high-spirited 
and  firey  horse  of  blood  and  mettle ;  this  is  so  be- 
cause those  who  undertake  to  drive  them  do  not 
understand  them.  Notice  which  horse  of  a  team 
it  is  that  balks,  and  you  will  mostly  find  it  to  be 
the  one  of  the  highest  mettle.  He  hears  the 
command  to  go,  and,  bemg  mo^  ready  to  obey 
than  the  other,  he  springs  off 5  but,  not  being  able 
to  start  the  Avagon,  he  is  thrown  back  on  his 
haunches,  stopping  the  other  as  well  as  himself. 


Gl 

The  di^ver  wliooi)S  aud  suaps  his  whip,  and  by 
the  time  that  the  slower  horse  has  started,  the  free 
horse  has. made  another  effort,  failed,  and  now 
both  are  balked.  Both  horses  recognize  that 
something-  is  wrong,  and  neither  knows  what. 
They  are  alike  afraid  to  move.  Then  the  driver 
plies  the  whii),  whoops  and  slaps  the  lines,  all  of 
which  only  tend  to  make  the  matter  worse.  This 
has  been  seen  by  almost  every  person.  The  horse 
was  willing  to  go,  but  did  not  know  how  to  move 
the  load  j  and  we  ask  any  sensible  man  to  tell  us 
if  the  horse  should  be  beaten  for  not  doing  that 
which  he  did  not  know  how  to  do.  You  can 
make  a  horse  do  almost  anything  which  he  can 
fully  understand;  and  we  do  contend  that  by 
i>roper  education  any  balking  horse  can  be  start- 
ed in  a  few  minutes.  Some  have  adopted  the  plan 
of  buckling  a  strap  to  the  ankle  of  one  forward 
foot,  standing  in  front,  and  by  pulling  the  foot 
forward  the  collar  i)resses  against  the  shoulder, 
and  he  will  move.  Others  have  adopted  the  plan 
of  throwing  a  handful  of  sand  in  his  eyes,  but  to 
this  plan,  though  it  succeeds,  we  are  bitterly  op- 
posed. We  would  sooner  own  a  balky  than  a  blind 
horse. 

If  you  get  hold  of  a  horse  that  has  been  long  in 
the  habit  of  balking,  just  set  apart  a  day  for  his 
education.  Go  into  some  pasture  field,  hitch  your 
horse  to  a  light  load,  something  that  he  can  move 
easily.  If  he  refuses  to  pull,  get  a  half  inch 
cord  ten  feet  in  lengtli,  tie  it  around  his  neck  and 


62 

loop  it  forward  into  his  month,  jnst  as  recommend- 
ed for  halter-breaking.  Step  to  one  side,  give 
him  a  sudden  pnll  and  he  will  move  *a  step  to- 
Avards  you.  Step  to  the  opposite  side ;  give  him 
another  sudden  pull  -,  by  repeating  it  ten  or  twelve 
times  he  will  start  T^illingly.  Then  increase  your 
load,  and  if  he  refuses  to  pull  use  the  cord  as 
above.  We  have  seen  the  worst  of  ballsy  horses 
in  three  hours  time  made  perfectly  kind— to  pull 
in  any  spot  or  place.  The  plan  is  simple.  And 
why  is  it  so  effectual  ?  There  is  nothing  you  can 
place  in  a  horse's  mouth  by  which  you  can  control 
him  with  such  ease.  The  cord  is*^  placed  around 
his  neck,  and  brought  forward  into  his  mouth, 
and  by  a  sudden  pull  with  the  other  end  it  is 
am^vn  suddenly  across  his  tongue,  comes  m  con- 
tact with  the  nerve  of  his  lower  jaw,  which  he  can- 
not long  endure,  and  he  willingly  moves  off.  If 
^it  any  future  time  he  should  show  any  symptoms 
of  balking,  a  lesson  vrith  the  cord  is  all  that  is 
necessarv. 


Mow  toUrcaLc  a  IIiilie2-I*iillei-. 

Always  use  a  leather  halter,  and  be  sure  to  have 
it  made  so  that  it  will  not  di-aw  tight  around  his 
nose  5  if  he  pulls  on  it,  it  should  be  of  right  size 
to  fit  his  head  easily  and  nicely,  so  that  the  nose 
band  will  not  be  too  tight  or  too  low.  Is^ever  put 
a  rope  halter  on  an  unbroken  colt,  or  a  horse  that 
is  in  the  habit  of  pulling  at  the  halter,  under  any 
circumstances  whatever.    Thev  have  caused  more 


G5 

iioi-tscs  to  hurt  or  kill  themselves  thau  woiikl  par 
tor  twice  the  cost  of  all  the  leather  halters  that 
ever  were  needed  for  the  purpose  of  halteriug- 
colts.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  break  a  horse  of 
the  vice  with  a  rope  halter.  He  will  pull,  rear 
aud  throw  himself,  aud  thus  endanger  his  life. 
And  we  will  tell  you  why.  It  is  just  as  natiu'al  for 
a.  horse  to  try  to  get  his  head  out  of  anything  that 
hurts  it,  or  feels  unpleasant,  as  it  would  be  for  you 
to  try  to  get  your  hand  out  of  a  fire.  The  cords 
of  the  rope  are  hard  and  cutting  j  this  makes  him 
raise  his  head,  and  draw  on  it  j  and  as  soon  as  he 
pulls,  the  slip-noose  (the  way  the  rope  halters  are 
always  made)  tightens  and  i)inches  his  nose,  and 
then  he  will  struggle  for  life.  Who  would  run  the 
risk  of  a  fine  horse  breaking  his  neck  rather  than 
pay  the  price  of  a  leather  halter  ?  If  you  have  a 
horse  that,  from  mismanagement,  has  acquiied  the 
habit  of  pulling  at  the  halter,  place  your  leather 
halter  on  his  head;  the  strap  you  hitch  him  with, 
have  it  twenty  feet  in  length.  You  may  hitch 
him  in  a  stall,  or  to  a  post  outside,  or  any  place 
where  he  is  in  the  habit  of  pulling.  If  ift  a  stall,  run 
the  end  of  yoiu^  rein  through  the  hole  in  the  man- 
ger, then  back  through  the  ring  of  the  halter ; 
and  as  you  pull  it  through  the  ring  bring  his  head 
within  two  feet  of  the  manger,  then  between  his 
forward  legs,  and  make  fast  to  the  ankle  of  his 
left  fore  foot.  AYe  think  you  can  see  clearly  theie 
is  no  possible  chance  for  him  to  break  his  halter, 
or  get  loose.    If  he  makes  an  attempt  to  pull. 


hack  ke  brings  Ms  left  hind  foot  forward  under 
tlie  body,  is  fearful  lie  will  fall,  and  steps  forward 
m  a  moment.  After  lie  lias  made  tlie  attempt  to 
brealv  his  baiter  tbree  or  four  times,  you  may  take 
any  object,  bowever  frightful,  and  hold  it  in  a 
I)Ositionto  frighten  him,  and  he  will  not  make  an 
eifort  to  pull  back.  We  have  seen  the  worst  of  the 
kind  effectually  broken  of  the  vice  in  thirty  minutes. 


Anotlier  and   Hettei*   l*l»n  fov    Brealcing-  a, 
Malter-i*iaier. 

Lead  your  horse  to  a  place  most  convenient  for 
hitching  him.  It  don^t  matter  whether  to  a  post, 
in  the  stall,  or  elsewhere.  Place  a  common  strap 
halter  upon  his  head,  then  i)rociu^e  a  piece  of  rein 
webbing  fifteen  feet  in  length,  or  a  strap  one  and 
a  fourth  inch  wide,  of  same  length ;  get  the  cen- 
tre of  said  webbing  or  strap.  Kow  buckle  a  com- 
mon web  surcingle  around  his  body,  just  back  of 
the  shoulder,  then  lay  your  webbing  across  his 
)iips,  carry  one  end  forward,  between  the  surcin- 
gle and  body,  on  the  left  side,  the  opposite  end 
between  the  surcingle  and  body,  on  the  off  side 
of  the  colt,  the  centre  rests  across  his  hips,  the 
ends  carried  forward.  Take  th^.  centre  of  the 
webbing  in  your  right  hand,  give  it  one  turn  over, 
that  leaves  it  crossed  ui^on  his  hips ;  carry  the 
centre  and  pass  his  tail  through  the  loop  yott 
made  by  turning  the  centre  of  the  webbing  over, 
the  same  as  cruppering  with  harness.  Step  for-^ 
ward,  reach  your  left  baud  through  under  the 


65 

horse^s  neck,  take  hold  of  the  end  of  webbing  on 
the  off  side  5  with  your  right  hand  take  the  end 
on  the  left  side,  bring  the  two  ends  together  un- 
der the  neck,  and  tie  them  around  the  chest.  Then 
carry  the  end  of  your  tie  strap  through  the  ring 
in  manger,  or  some  point  where  he  has  been  in  the 
habit  of  pulling ;  bring  back  and  make  fast  to  the 
webbing  that  passes  around  the  chest.  Your  hal- 
ter-puller now  is  in  the  right  position ;  if  he  re- 
fuses to  pull,  induce  him  to  do  so  by  frightening 
him  in  some  manner.  Our  experience  with  halter 
pullers  warrants  us  in  saying  this  plan  is  lasting 
and  effectual.  You  can  hitch  him  in  the  stall,  let 
him  remain  in  that  position  through  the  night. 
He  can  lie  down,  get  up,and  move  around  the  stall 
without  injimng  himself  in  any  way.  Hitch  him 
each  day  at  different  points  where  he  has  been  in 
the  habit  of  pulling,  after  which  you  need  have 
no  fears  of  his  breaking  a  common  halter- 


A  RunaTFay,  Bolting,  ©r  Pliiiig^ing*  Horse. 

This  is  a  very  dangerous  vice,  one  accompanied 
with  a  great  amount  of  danger  to  limb  and  life. 
If  the  horse,  when  making  an  effort  to  run,  be- 
comes very  ^vild  and  desperate,  and  in  bolting", 
would  jump  off  some  bridge  or  precipice,  it  is 
highly  necessary  to  have  some  means  of  control- 
ling him,  and  to  bring  him  to  a  sudden  stop.  To 
accomijlish  this,  use  the  cord  with  small  loop  plac- 
ed aroimd  the  under  jaw  of  the  horse;  the  other 
end  is  carried  over  his  neck,  brought  back,  and 


66 

passed  througli  tlie  small  loop  attached  to  the  un- 
der Jaw,  and  tlience  back  into  the  wagon.    The 
running  loop  over  the  horse's  neck  should  be  kept 
well  back  to  his  shoulder.    Kow  prepare  two  long 
foot  straps,  and  attach  the  end  with  short  strap 
to  the  ankle  of  each  forward  foot.    The  other  ends 
])ass  through  between  the  girth  and  body  of  the 
horse,  outside  of  the  traces  and  into  the  wagon. 
Hold  your  long  foot  straps  and  cord  in  your  hand 
with  the  reins,  then  drive  him  along  in  places 
where  he  would  be  most  apt  to  scare.    If  he  at- 
tempts to  run  or  bolt,  give  him  a  strong  pull  with 
the  cord,  at  the    same  time  say  (with  firmness) 
''what  are  you  doing,  sir?"  go  'long."    That  may 
cause  him  to  straighten  up,  and  perhaps  give  him 
a  sudden  start ;    if  so,  give  him  another  pull,  and 
say,  "carefully,  sir !"    If  the  second  pull  does  not 
check  his  speed,  and  you  think  he  may  get  tlie 
best  of  you,  then  is  the  time  to  pull  on  the  foot 
straps  5  take  his  feet  from  him,   and  drop  him  to 
his  knees,   pronouncing  the  word  whoa.      That 
brings  him  to  a  stop  without  any  failure.     Now 
ease  up  on  your  foot  straps ;  do  not  hold  him  by 
the  feet  after  dropping  him  to  his  knees,  for  in  so 
doing  he  would  be  likely  to  struggle,  fall  over,  and 
perhaps  break  your  shafts.     Again  start  him,  if 
he  attempts  the  same  move,  take  his  feet  and  bring 
him  to  a  stop.    He  will  not  attempt  the  same 
move  but  a  few  times.     There  is  nothing  that  will 
so  frighten  a  horse,  as  to  think  he  is  going  to  be 
pitched  on  his  head.    The  plan  will  eifectually 


67 

conquer  and  subdue  that  wilful  disposition.  Aft^r 
driving  him.  a  few  times  with  both  w^ebs,  you  may 
then  feel  safe  to  drive  him  with  one.  Every  few 
days  repeat  the  lesson  with  cord,  and  one  long 
foot  stra]3 ;  a  lesson  each  day  for  a  few  days  will 
produce  the  desu^ed  result.  The  same  i)lan  is 
adopted  with  colts  that  are  in  the  habit  of  running, 
and  kickiug  at  dogs,  hogs,  pieces  of  paper  flying 
in  the  street,  and  the  like.  They  are  constantly 
on  the  lookout  for  such  objects,  and  the  driver  or 
owner  is  never  safe.  Place  the  cord  as  recom- 
mended above,  into  the  mouth,  and  the  webbing 
to  the  foot,  or  both  if  necessary ;  for  our  experi- 
ence in  handling  horses  has  convinced  us  that 
some  horses  have  the  streng*th,  und  will  to  run  a 
foiuth  of  a  mile  on  three  feetj  that  is  the  reason 
why  (in  some  cases)  we  use  the  long  strap  attach- 
ed to  both  feet.  In  that  case  you  disconcert  them 
at  once.  If  the  colt  is  very  headstrong  when 
frightened,  place  the  webbing  to  both  forward  feet, 
and  cord  in  the  mouth.  Also  with  open  bridle,  so 
he  can  see  all  around  him.  Take  a  dog  into  the 
wagon  with  you  j  as  you  are  driving  quietly  along 
toss  the  dog  out  on  the  same  side  you  are  driving 
your  colt.  If  lie  attempts  to  kick  and  run,  give 
him  a  sudden  pull  with  the  cord ;  at  the  same 
time  take  his  feet  from  him,  saying  ivhoa.  Get  out, 
pat  and  caress  him  ;  then  repeat  it  again.  A  tew 
lessons  will  break  him. 


Pawing  iu  the  8 tall. 

Get  a  common  trace  chain,  about  two  feet  long  f 
fasten  it  to  tlie  leg  that  he  i^aws  with,  just  above 
the  knee,  with  a  hame  strap,  and  let  the  chain 
swing  to  the  side  of  the  leg.  He  will  soon  be 
glad  to  keep  it  still. 


Kicking  iu  the  .^tall. 

Some  horses  acquire  this  vice  from  mere  irrita 
bility,  and  uneasiness  in  the  stall.  If  the  horse 
kicks  with  but  one  foot  he  can  be  broken,  very 
easy,  by  attaching  a  wooden  clog  to  the  ankle  of 
the  foot  that  he  kicks  with.  If  with  both  feet, 
take  the  saddle  part  of  a  harness,  and  buckle  on 
tightly ;  then  take  a  short  strap,  with  a  ring  and 
buckle  around  the  forward  foot,  below  the  fetlock ; 
to  this  strap  attach  another  strap ;  bring  ui>,  and 
pass  through  the  turrets  down  to  the  hind  foot, 
below  the  fetlock.  With  this  attachment  on  each 
side,  the  moment  that  he  kicks  he  will  pull  his 
forward  feet  from  under  him,  which  brings  himto 
his  Iftiees,  and  he  will  be  careful  not  to  do  so 
very  often.  Let  him  stand  in  the  stall  iu  this  way 
until  he  gives  up  the  foolish  habit. 


Vicious  Biters. 

If  he  is  a  stallion,  with  the  contirmed  habit  of 
biting  and  striking  at  your  approach,  we  can  give 
you  but  little  encouragement.  We  vrould  not 
think  it  worth  while  to  attempt  to  brealv  him,  but 
would  advise  you  to  castrate  him  at  once.    How 


'ever,  we liave l^ouglit  several  bad  biting  stallions, 
and  effectually  cured  them  of  the  vice  while  in  our 
possession  j  but  on  the  approach  of  a  stranger, 
they  would  show  more  or  less  viciousness.  I  have 
known  owners  of  such  horses  to  whip  them  until 
they  would  tremble  in  every  joint,  and  were  (seem- 
ingly) almost  ready  to  di'op,  but  have  never,  in  a 
single  case,  known  them  cured  by  such  treatment. 
In  twenty  minutes  he  is  as  determined  as  ever  to 
renew  the  combat  5  he  seems  unable  to  resist  the 
temptation ;  I  sometimes  think  it  a  species  of  in- 
sanity. If  you  have  a  mare  or  gelding  in  posses- 
sion of  the  vice,  you  can  easily  cure  them.  Plaee 
the  small  loop  of  the  cord  round  the  under  jaw, 
with  running  looj)  over  the  neck;  have  the  small 
loop  fit  so  close  a2?ound  the  jaw  t3iat  he  canuot 
spit  it  out,  also  under  the  tongue ;  the  other  end 
carry  out  of  the  stall,  and  hang  on  the  peg  where 
you  hang  your  harness.  Kaw^  as  j^ou  step  uj)  tp 
the  stall,  take  hold  of  the  cord  with  one  hand,  the 
other,  phice  on  his  quarter,  and  say,  "stand  over,'* 
if  he  attempts  to  frisk,  or  bite  at  you,  give  him  a 
sudden  pull,  and  say,  ^'take  care,  sir !"  then  pass 
into  the  stall ;  if  he  again  attempts  to  bite  at  you, 
give  him  another  sharp  ]3uU,  saying,  ^'what  are  you 
doing,  sir !"  Give  him  a  few  lessons  of  this  kind 
and  a  cure  is  i)erformed. 


Bad  to  Briflle,  Harness,  or  Qroom. 

A  horse  that  is  bad  to  bridle,  is  generally  one 
that  is  tender  about  the  ears ;  those  bad  to  gToom 


70 

or  harness,  are  naturally  very  sensitive  skinned, 
A  sharp  curry  comb  is  very  irritating,  and  in  the 
act  of  harnessing,  should  there  be  a  sore  or  chafed 
six)t,  it  creates  a  spasmodic,  nervous  movement  of 
the  skin.  Such  horses  can  easily  be  broken  of  the 
vice  by  the  use  of  the  cord.  Place  the  long 
loop  around  the  ne«k,  with  running  loop  in  the 
mouth,  as  for  bitting.  Stand  by  the  shoulder, 
give  him  a  sharp  pull  with  the  cord,  at  the  same 
time  repeating  some  word,  such  as  "  whoa,  boy,^ 
"'  be  careful,^'  *'  be  quiet,"  or  the  like  5  now  step  to 
his  side,  pat  and  caress  him  about  the  head,  neck 
and  shoulders.  Steadily  pull  the  cord  through 
the  mouth  with  your  right  hand ;  with  your  left 
softly  handle  his  ears  until  he  becomes  quiet.  A 
few  times  bridling  with  the  cord  will  cure  him  of 
the  vice.  For  grooming  or  harnessing,  use  the 
cord  the  same.  If  he  will  not  stand  quiet  to  be 
harnessed  or  gTOomed,  a  few  sharj)  i^ulls  to  the 
right  and  left  will  bring  him  to  a  surrender.  Use 
the  cord  each  time  for  a  few  days,  and  he  will  be- 
come docile  and  quiet. 


Rolling:  1m  tlie  Stall. 

In  the  first  place  break  your  horse  from  rolling 
in  the  stable,  for  it  is  a  habit  that  cannot  be  in- 
dulged in  without  a  chance  of  being  east.  Some 
horses  will  get  cast,  bruised,  and  half  strangled, 
yet  he  will  roll  again  the  next  night,  and  continue 
to  as  long  as  he  lives.  Our  plan  to  break  up  this 
habit  is  to  place  a  thin,  soft  pad  under  the  sur 


«Dingle,  with  sharp  nails  so  arranged  that  they  will 
rnn  through  the  pad,  and  prick  him,  when  he  at- 
tempts to  rolL 


€^ettiii€:  CsLst  in  the  «tall. 

If  there  is  anything  that  will  vex,  and  irritate 
the  proprietor  of  a  stable,  it  is  to  have  some  one  of 
his  horses  getting  cast  in  the  stall.  Every  night 
a  thimdeiing  noise  is  heard,  and  some  one  calls 
out,  '^  you  have  a  horse  cast"  Up  he  gets^  hurriei? 
to  the  stable,  and  with  a  gTcat  deal  of  hard  labor 
they  finally  succeed  in  getting  the  horse  tG  his 
feet,  stiff,  and  badly  galled.  Observe  the  follow- 
ing and  you  will  have  no  such  trouble :  Place  on 
your  horse  a-  five  ring  strap  halter,  (a  five  ring 
halter  he  cannot  slip)  where  the  strap  comes  over^ 
the  head,  just  back  of  the  ears,  attach  a  one  and 
a-half  inch  ring ;  do  not  slip  the  top  piece  through 
the  ring ;  you  must  make  it  fast,  so  it  will  not  slip 
to  the  right  or  the  left ;  get  a  strap  four  inches 
long,  one  inch  and  a  quarter  wide,  set  youi'  ring- 
in  the  centre  of  the  strap  that  comes  over  the  top 
of  his  head,  then  run  the  four  inch  strap  through 
the  ring,  stitching  both  ends,  lea.ving  the  ring  fast 
in  the  centre ;  with  the  tie  strap  of  your  halter, 
make  fast  to  the  ring  of  the  manger,  leave  suffi- 
cient length  to  put  his  nose  within  one  foot  of  the 
floor.  Over  his  head,  and  in  the  floor  above,  at- 
tach a  staple  and  ring  ,♦  now  put  his  nose  within 
one  foot  of  the  floor,  and  get  the  distance  from  the 
3ing  in  the  top  of  the  halter  to  the  ring  in  the  sta» 


72 

pie  above^  about  a  foot  back  from  the  manger, 
Tlie  horse  has  the  liberty  to  lie  dowii^  but  cannot 
lay  his  head  side  wise  :  consequently  he  cannot  get 
cast    The  above  never  fails. 


I^riTing^  on  One  Rein. 

Even  the  angles  of  the  mouth,  with  the  bitting 
cord.  Then  keep  the  blinders  up  so  that  he  can- 
not see  the  driver,  for  this  is  often  the  cause — he 
is  often  watching  back  with  one  eye,  and  carry- 
ing his  head  to  that  side,  constantly  pulling  upon 
the  opposite  rein.  Oftentimes  it  is  caused  by  the 
grinders  being  sharp ;  if  so,  file  them  off.. 


Hard  Pullers. 

It  is  often  remarked,  and  hj  horsemen,  too,  if 
iyou  have  a  hard  i)uller  upon  the  bit,,  give  him  all 
the  road  he  wants,  and  let  him  go.  If  he  goes  too 
fast,  jerk  him  up,  first  with  one  line,  then  with  the 
other.  I  have  known  some  hard  pullers,,  by  giv- 
ing them  the  rein  and  all  the  road  they  wanted,, 
would  run  until  they  would  falL  and  repeat  the 
same  thing  day  after  day.  The  idea  is  perfectly 
absurd  j  it  will  amount  to  nothing  but  a  broken 
down  constitution.  Let  me  speak  of  a  simple 
plan  by  which  you  can  control  such  horses  at 
I)leasure.  Get  a  common  snaffte  bit,  around 
which  weld  two  iron  rings  one  inch  and  a-half  in 
diameter ;  the  bit  is  now  placed  in  the  horse's 
mouth,  with  rings  slipped  close  to  the  cheek  bars ; 
get  a  half-inch  strap,  ten  inches  in  length,  with 


billet  buckle  and  loop  attached  to  each  end,  same 
as  for  buckling  check  reins  in  bits^  now  place  it 
across  the  horse's  nose,  and  buckle  each  end  into 
the  rings  that  are  welded  around  the  bit.  That 
brings  the  rings  very  close  each  side  of  the  upi)er 
jaw  5  stitch  to  the  centre  of  the  strax)  across  the 
nose,  one  end  of  another  half-inch  strap  eighteen 
inches  long ;  to  the  other  end  attach  the  buckle  on 
the  top  of  the  bridle  and  between  the  ears.  This 
is  to  keep  the  nose  piece  from  dropping  over  the 
nostril;  the  bit  is  now  arranged.  Place  your 
horse  between  your  shafts  ;  buckle  your  reins  and 
start  him  along.  Drive  him  with  a  slack  rein  as 
long  as  he  is  quiet ;  if  he  attempts  to  go  very  fast 
pull  ui)on  the  lines.  As  you  pull,  the  rings  a- 
round  the  bit  crowd  with  more  force  against  the 
sides  of  the  face,  throwing  his  mouth  wide  open, 
and  causing  the  most  excruciating  pain.  Drive 
him  a  few  days  with  a  bit  so  arranged,  after  which 
any  boy  twelve  years  of  age  can  drive  him  vdth 
perfect  ease. 


Tongue  O^cr  the  Bit« 

Attach  to  your  bridle  a  cheek  bit,  as  follows  : — 
Procure  a  small  steel  bar  bit.  A  small  one,  so  the 
cheek  bars  will  sit  close  each  side  of  the  horse's 
face.  To  this  bit  buckle  checks  and  cheek  pieces 
of  bridle :  through  this  bit  drill  two  holes,  leav- 
ing a  space  between,  and  in  the  centre,  of  two 
inches  and  a  half;  get  a  thick  piece  of  harness 
leather  six  inches  long ;   cut  it  in  the  form  of  a 


74 

diamond,  two  and  a  half  inches  wide,  with  ends 
iounded  off  to  a  point.  The  centre  of  this  piece 
of  leather  is  doubled  over  the  bit,  with  edges  just 
covering  the  two  holes;  it  is  now  stitched  togeth- 
er across,  and  close  to  the  bit  j  also  edges  of 
points  are  stitched  firmly  together,  as  the  bit  is 
placed  in  the  mouth,  the  rounded  points  of  the 
leather  run  ba<?k  into  the  horse^s  mouth,  and  top 
of  the  tongue.  He  is  now  checked  up,  and  the 
bit  kept  snug  in  his  mouth ;  yoiu'  reins  are  not  to 
be  buckled  to  this  check  bit,  but  another  is  used 
tor  driving.  Get  a  common  snaffle  bit.  This  is 
made  fast  to  the  check  pieces  of  the  bridle  with  a 
couple  of  small  half-inch  straps  five  inches  long, 
with  buckle  and  loop  attached,  letting  it  hang  in 
the  mouth,  one  inch  below^  the  check  bit ;  to  this 
attach  your  reins.  You  now  have  a  driving,  as 
well  as  a  check  bit.  If  the  horse  attempts  to 
work  his  tongue  over  the  bit,  the  piece  of  leather, 
so  attached,  will  prevent  him  at  once.  Should  he 
(as  is  seldom  the  case)  carry  his  tongue  under  the 
bit  and  out  of  the  mouth,  to  the  holes  drilled 
through  the  bit  attach  a  piece  of  large  wire,  paSvS- 
ing  the  ends  through;  let  the  centre  drop  one-half 
inch  below,  same  as  a  wide  wire  staple.  When 
you  put  the  bit  in  his  mouth,  pull  his  tongue 
through  the  loop,  seeing  that  the  space  is  large 
enough  for  it  to  sit  easy.  These  plans  will  soon 
break  a  horse  of  the  contemptible  habit. 


75 

To  8l£oe  a  Horse  that  is  Yicious, 

We  care  not  liow  vicious  a  horse  may  be  when 
shoeing  him,  we  think  we  can  make  the  worst  of 
the  kind,  stand  perfectly  still  in  ten  minutes,  so 
that  the  smith  will  have  no  further  trouble.  The 
plan  which  is  adopted  by  the  smiths  in  general  is 
not  only  cruel,  but  has  a  tendency  to  make  them 
far  worse.  A  colt  is  taken  to  the  shop,  wild  and 
uneducated;  and  during  the  process  of  setting 
the  shoes,  if  he  makes  a  wrong  move,  the  smith 
gets  in  a  fearfal  rage,  gives  him  a  sharp  blow  with 
the  hammer  or  rasp,  the  horse  rears  and  plunges, 
and  is  so  frightened  he  will  not  allow  a  hand  laid 
upon  him.  The  next  move  is  to  fetter  or  cast  him. 
A  rope  is  put  around  his  neck,  then  to  the  ankle 
of  each  of  his  hind  feet,  then  forward ;  with  i>er- 
haps  two  men  at  each  end,  they  pull  on  the  rope, 
and  the  horse  is  thrown  back  ui^on  his  haunches. 
We  have  seen  fine  horses  so  injm-ed  across  the 
loins  by  adopting  this  plan  of  throwing  them,  that 
they  were  never  again  ftfc  for  use.   . 

Another  plan  is  to  put  a  pair  of  tongs  upon  his 
nose,  then  a  rope  to  the  ankle  of  one  of  his  bind 
feet,  and  through  a  ring  made  fast  to  his  tail ;  his 
foot  is  drawn  back ;  and  made  fast  to  the  side  of 
the  shop. 

Now,  we  ask  any  man  if  there  is  any  common 
sense  in  emploj^ng  such  means  by  which  to  shoe 
a  wild  horse.  If  a  horse  struggles,  which  he  ]h 
sure  to  do,  he  must  get  badly  injured.  In  shoe- 
ing a  bad  horse,  never  confine  him.     Get  a  small 


76 

eord  about  ten  feet  in  lengtli,  place  it  aronnd  his 
neck  and  into  liis  mouth,  just  as  recommended 
for  halter  breaking,  balking,  &c.  All  it  will  cost 
you  is  five  cents,  and  by  its  use  you  enn  shoe  the 
worst  of  the  kind  without  trouble.  In  attempting 
to  raise  the  foot,  if  the  horse  should  rear  or  at- 
tempt to  kick,  let  go  the  foot  and  give  him  a  sud- 
den pull  with  the  cord ;  then  pat  him  on  the  neck, 
saying,  "  Ho !  boy ;  ho !  boy  f  then  bold  the  cord 
in  your  hand,  and  with  the  right  pick  up  his  foot. 
If  he  does  not  stand  quiet,  put  his  foot  down,  and 
.give  him  two  or  three  sudden  pulls  with  the  cord. 
Handle  him  in  that  manner  ten  minutes,  and  he 
will  not  dare  to  move.  Smiths  in  many  places 
have  said  they  would  not  be  deprived  of  the  use 
of  the  above  plan  for  one  hundred  dollars. 


For  Teacliing'   a   Hor^iie  lo  Bmclc,  or  a  Horse 
tlisit  is  in  the  Habit  ol*  Bolting:, 

The  cord  is  all  that  is  necessary  for  teaching 
your  horse  to  back.  Plac^  a  pair  of  them  around 
his  neck  and  into  his  mouth,  one  on  each  side.  Get 
behind  your  horse,  and  you  can  teach  him  to 
back  at  the  word  in  twenty  minutes.  For  a  bolt- 
ing horse,  use  but  one.  If  he  is  in  the  habit  of 
bolting  to  the  right,  place  the  cord  on  the  left 
side,  and  back  into  the  wagon.  If  to  the 
left,  place  it  on  the  right  side  of  the  neck  and 
into  the  wagon ;  and  when  he  attempts  to  bolt,  a 
sudden  pull  will  bring  him  in  the  right  direction. 
Drive  liim  with  a  cord  a  short  time,  and  he  in 


brokeu  of  tlie  vice.  To  educate  him  to  tlie  word 
"  Wlioa,"  a  little  pull,  accomi)anied  with  the  words^ 
"  Ho !  hoy,"  is  all  that  is  necessary,  aud  he  will 
obey  YOU. 


'Flic  Plan  for  a  Breacliy  Horse. 

A  hreachy  horse  is  oue  that  costs  a  farmer  a  great 
amount  of  time  and  trouble.  He  goes  to  the  i)asture 
field,  but  is  never  sure  of  finding  him  where  he 
perhaps  left  him  the  evening  previous.  Mr.  Cole's 
Xjlan,  by  which  to  prevent  a  horse  from  jumpiug, 
is  to  i)lace  a  leather  surcingle  tight  around  his. 
body,  with  inch  ring  under  the  chest,  fastened  to 
the  surcingle  ;  also,  a  strap  one  inch  wide,  eight 
inches  in  length,  buckled  around  the  ankle  of  the 
left  hind  foot,  with  ring  attached ;  a  strap  one  inch 
wide,  three  and  a  half  or  four  feet  in  length,  (the 
leugth  of  this  strap  is  governed  according 'to  the 
size  of  the  horse,)  one  end  buckled  ui  the  ring 
under  the  chest,  the  other  end  to  the  ring  attach- 
ed to  the  ankle.  If  the  horse  should  attemj^t  to 
jump,  placed  in  such  a  position,  he  deprives  him- 
self of  the  use  of  the  left  hind  foot,  has  not  power 
in  the  right,  sufficient  to  rise — consequently  he 
mnst  fail  in  his  attempt.  In  most  cases  the  plan 
l^roves  quite  eflfectual. 

To  improve  this  surcingle,  and  prevent  its  work- 
ing back,  attach  another  ring  to  front  edge,  and 
under  chest  j  to  this  ring  attach  another  strap  as 
follows :  procure  a  strax)  one  inch  and  a-half  wide 
and  two  feet  long  j  split  this  strap  in  the  centre  t© 


'       78 

TTithiu  four  luches  of  one  end,  being  the  same  as 
the  crotch  end  of  an  old  fashion  standing  martin- 
gale ;  the  wide  end  is  passed  through  the  ring  un- 
der the  cliest,  with  two  inch  lap,  and  stitched  fast, 
eight  inches  fi'om  the  ends  of  split  strap ;  a 
buckle  is  made  fast,  leaving  a  billet  eight  inches  in 
length.  ^Now  bring  one  of  the  split  straps  around 
the  left  arm  outside  ;  carry  it  back  between  the 
forward  legs,  pass  the  eight  inch  billet  through  tke 
ring  under  the  chest,  again  forward,  drawing  up 
the  slack  and  buckling  fast ;  the  other  part  of 
split  strap  is  carried  around  the  nigh  arm  of  the 
horse,  and  made  fast  same  as  left  one.  You  see 
the  horse  has  the  privilege  of  Avalking  around  the 
pasture,  but  cannot  easily  trot  or  run,  and  should 
he  attempt  to  jump,  in  the  act  of  raising  forward, 
those^straps  tighten,  he  has  no  use  of  his  forward 
legs,  and  is  disconcerted  at  once.  I  have  known 
horses  fail  to  jump  a  fence  four  rails  high,  with 
that  simple  attachment. 


IIo^v  to  Catcli  a  .Horse  in  I*as»turc. 

The  i)revailing  opinion  of  horsemen  generally  is, 
that  the  sense  of  smell  is  the  governing  sense  of 
the  horse,  and  that  no  means  can  be  employed  by 
Avhich  to  catch  a  wild  horse  in  pasture  without  the 
use  of  strong  smelling  oils.  Sullivan,  Faucher,  avS 
well  as  others,  have  got  up  receipts  of  strong 
smelling  oils,  to  catch  and  tamo  a  wild  horse — 
sometimes  using  the  castor  of  his  leg,  which  they 
dry,  grind  into   a  powder,  and  blow  into  his  nos- 


79 

ifils;  sometimes  using  the  oil  of  rhodium,  cum- 
mill,  and  organum,  that  are  noted  for  their  strong- 
smell  ;  and  sometimes  they  scent  the  hands  with 
the  sweat  fi'om  under  their  arms,  and  blow  their 
])reath  into  his  nostrils ;  all  of  which,  as  far  as 
the  scent  goes,  have  no  effect  whatever  in  gentle- 
ing  or  subduing  the  horse,  or  conveying  any  idea 
to  his  mind,  though  the  work  that  accompany 
theseefforts— rhandling  him,  touching  him  about 
the  nose  and  head,  and  patting  him,  as  they  di- 
rect you  should  after  administering  the  article, 
will  have  a  very  gTeat  effect,  which  tliey  mistake 
for  the  effect  of  the  ingredients  used.  By  using 
the  oils,  you  can  approach  a  wild  horse  in  pasture, 
and,  after  caressing  him  for  a  length  of  time,  get 
your  halter  on  his  head,  but  when  you  attempt  to 
lead  him,  he  is  off'  as  wild  as  ever. 

Faucher,  in  his  work  entitled  The  Arabian  Art  of 
Taming  Horses,  page  17,  tells  us  how  to  ac<!ustom 
a  horse  to  a  robe  by  administering  certain  articles 
to  his  nose,  and  goes  on  to  say,  that  these  articles 
must  111  St  be  applied  to  the  horse's  nose  before  you 
att<?mi)t  to  break  him,  in  order  to  operate  success- 
fully. Now  reader,  can  you,  or  any  one  ei8i\  give 
one  single  reason  how  scent  can  convey  any  idea 
to  the  horse's  mind  of  what  we  want  him  to  do. 
If  not,  then  of  course  strong  scents  of  any  kind 
are  of  no  account  in  taming  the  imbroken  horse  : 
for  everything  that  we  get  him  to  do  of  his  own 
accord,  without  force,  must  be  accomplished  by 
some  means  of  conveying  our  idea  to  his  mind.     I 


80 

say  to  my  horse  ^'Golong^'^^ndhegoesj  '•  wlioa/^' 
and  lie  stops,  because  these  two  words — of  whieli 
he  has  learned  the  meaning  by  the  tap  of  the  whip, 
and  the  pull  of  the  rein,  that  first  accompanied 
t^em — convey  the  two  ideas  to  his  mind  of  go  anfel 
stop.  Faucher,  nor  any  one  else,  can  never  learn 
the  horse  a  single  thing  by  means  of  scents  alone. 
How  long  do  you  suppose  a  horse  would  have  to 
stand  and  smell  of  a  bottle  of  oil  before  he  would 
learn  to  bend  the  knee,  and  make  a  bow  at  your 
bidding,  go  yonder  and  bring  your  hat,  or  come 
here  and  lie  down. 

ThiLS  you  see  the  absurdity  of  trying  to  break, 
or  tame  the  horse  by  the  means  of  receix)ts  for  ar- 
ticles to  smell  of,  or  medicines  to  give  him,  of  any 
kind  whatever.  The  only  science  which  has  ever 
existed  in  the  world  relative  to  brealdng  horses, 
that  has  been  of  any  account,  is  that  true  method 
which  takes  them  in  their  natural  state  of  mind, 
and  improves  their  intelligence.  Consequently,  if 
you  wish  to  educate  your  horse  in  a  proper  man- 
ner, adopt  a  mechanical  process.  He  will  then 
fully  comprehend  your  meaning,  and  obey  at  the 
word.  If  your  horse  is  wild,  and  will  not  be 
caught  when  in  pasture,  drive  him  into  the  barn 
and  close  the  doors,  and  make  them  fast,  after 
wliicli  adopt  Mr.  Smith's  plan  on  lifth  and  sixth 
pages  it  will  bring  Inm  up  to  you,  and  he  ^ill  fol- 
low you  just  where  you  wish  to  go;  after  which 
you  can  go  the  pasture  field,  and  say  "  come  here, 
boy,''  and  he  obeys  the  call  at  once,  and  gives  you 
no  furtjier  trouble. 


'81 


iTiie  period  wlien  the  shoe  began  to  be  nailed  to 
the  horse  is  uncertain.  William,  the  Norman,  in- 
troduced it  into  England.  Far  more  than  is  ima- 
gined  to  the  comfort,  and  health,  of  the  horse, 
with  tlie  safety  of  his  rider,  depend  upon  shoeing. 
In  taking  off  the  old  shoe  the  clinches  of  the  nails 
should  always  be  carefiiUy  raised,  or  filed  off,  and 
where  the  foot  is  tender,  or  the  horse  is  to  be  ex- 
amined for  lameness,  eaeh  nail  should  be  partly 
punched  out.  The  edges  of  the  criist  ai'e  then  to 
be  rasped,  to  detect  whether  any  stubs  remain  in 
the  nail  holes,  and  to  remove  the  crust  into  which 
dii-t  and  gravel  have  insinuated  themselves.  Next 
comes  the  iDij)ortant  process  of  paring  out,  ^vith 
regard  to  which  it  is  impossible  to  lay  down  any 
specific  rules.  It  is,  however,  undoubted  that  far 
more  injury  has  been  done  by  the  neglect  of  par- 
ing, than  by  carrying  it  to  too  great  an  extent.  The 
act  of  paring  is  a  work  of  much  more  labor  than 
the  proprietor  of  the  horse  often  imagines.  The 
smith,  unless  he  is  looked  to,  will  fiiequently  give 
himself  as  little  trouble  about  it  as  he  can,  and 
that  portion  of  horn  which  in  the  unshod  foot, 
would  be  worn  away  by  contact  with  the  gTOund, 
is  suffered  to  accumulate  month  after  month,  un- 
til  the  elasticity  of  the  sole  is  destroyed,  it  can  no 
loDger  descend,  its  other  functions  are  impeded. 


82 

and  foundation  is  laid  for  corn  or  contraction,  ane^ 
navicular  disease,  iniiammation.  That  portion  of 
horn  sliould  be  left  on  tlie  foot  wliicli  will  defend  the- 
internal  parts  from  being  brui.sed,aud  yet  suffer  the 
external  sole  to  descend.  How  is  this  to  be  as 
certained?  The  strong  pressure  of  the  thumb' of 
the  smith  will  be  the  best  guide— the  buttress,- 
that  most  destructive  of  all  instruments,  being. 
except  on  very  particular  occasions,  banished 
from  every  resi)ectable  forge.  The  smith  sets  to 
work  with  his  drawing  knife,  and  removes  the 
growth  of  the  horn  until  the  sole  will  yield,  al- 
though in  the  slightest  possible  degree,  to  the 
strong  pressure  of  his  thumb.  The  proper  thick- 
ness of  horn  will  then  remain.  The  quantity  of 
horn  to  be  removed  in  order  to  have  the  proper 
degxee  of  thickness  will  vary  with  different  feet. 
Prom  the  strong  foot  a  great  deal  must  be  taken. 
From  the  concave  foot  the  horn  may  be  removed 
until  the  sole  will  yield  to  a  moderate  pressure. 
From  the  flat  foot  little  need  be  pared,  ^vhiie  the 
pummaced  foot  should  be  deprived  of  nothing  but 
the  ragged  parts.  The  crust  should  be  reduced  to 
a  perfect  level  all  round,  but  left  a  little  higher 
than  the  sole,  or  the  sole  will  be  bruised  by  ita 
pressure  on  the  edge  of  the  seating.  The  heels 
will  require  considerable  attention.  From  the 
stress  which  is  tlirown  on  the  inner  heel,  and  from 
the  weakness  of  the  quarter  there,  the  horn  usual 
ly  wears  away  considerably  faster  than  it  would 
on  the  outer  one,  and  if  an  equal  portion  of  hon. 


83 

were  pared  from  it  it  would  be  left  lower  than  the 
oiit^r  heel.  The  smith  should  therefore  accom- 
modate  his  i^aring  to  the  comx)arative  wear  of  his 
heels,  and  be  exceedingly  careful  to  have  them 
precisely  level.  The  position  of  the  heels  between 
the  inflection  of  the  bar  and  the  frog  should  scarce- 
ly be  touched — at  best  the  ragged  and  detached 
part^  alone  should  be  cut  away.  The  foot  may 
not  look  so  fair,  and  open,  but  it  will  last  longer 
without  contraction.  The  bar  likewise  should  be 
left  fully  prominent,  (never  allow  the  smith  to  cut 
away  the  bar,  or  frog,  of  the  foot)  not  onlj^  at  its 
first  inflection,  but  as  it  runs  down  the  side  of  the 
fi'og.  The  heel  of  the  shoe  is  designed  to  rest 
partly  on  the  heel  of  the  foot,  and  partly  on  the 
bar,  for  reasons  that  have  been  already  stated.  If 
the  bar  is  weak  the  growth  of  it  should  be  en- 
couraged, and  it  should  be  scared}^  touched  when 
the  horse  is  shod,  unless  it  has  attained  a  level 
with  the  crust.  It  has  been  argued  by  many  that 
the  horn  between  the  crust  and  the  bar  should  be 
carefully  pared  out,  and  by  so  doing  give  reUef  to 
the  animal  lame  with  corns.  If  a  little  spring  is 
given  to  the  heel  of  the  shoe  it  gives  relief ;  also 
the  practice  of  weakening  the  crust  of  the  foot 
whore  it  is  so  much  needed. 

We  will  give  you  some  idea  of  the  young  and 
healthy  foot.  Approaching  nearly  to  a  circle,  and 
of  which  the  quarters  from  the  widest  part,  being 
just  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  But  we  are  sorry  to  say 
that  this  shape  is  not  long    preserved  in  many 


horses ;  but  the  foot  increases,  aud  narrows  in  the 
quarters,  and  more  particularly  at  the  heel,  and 
the  frog  is  diminished  in  width,  the  sole  become^ 
more  concave,  and  the  heels  higher,  and  the  lame- 
ness, or  at  least  a  shortened  and  feeling  action, 
ensues. 

It  must  be  premised  that  there  is  a  great  deal 
more  horror  of  contracted  heels  than  there  is  occa- 
sion for.    Many  persons  reject  a  horse  at  once  if 
the  quarters  are  wiring  in,  but  the  fact  is  that  al- 
though this  is  an  unnatural  form  of  the  hoof,  it  is 
slow  of  growth,  and  nature  kindly  makes  that 
provision  for  the  slowly  altered  form  of  the  hoof 
Tvhich  does  in  similar  cases — she  accommodates 
the  part  to  the  change  in  form.     As  the  hoof  draws 
m,  the  parts  beneath,  and  particularly  the  coffin 
bone,  esiDCcially  the  heels  of  that  bone,  diminish  ; 
or,  after  all,  it  is  more  a  change  of  form  than  of 
capacity.    As  the  foot  lengthens  in  proportion  as 
it  narrows,  so  does  the  coffin-bone,  and  it  is  as  per 
fectly  adjusted  as  it  was  before  to  the  box  in  which 
it  is  placed.     Its  laminea  are  in  as  intimate  and 
i:)erfect  union  with  those  of  the  crust  as  before  the 
hoof  had  begun  to  change.    On  this  account  it  is 
that  many  horses  \^dth  very  con tra<3ted  feet  are 
perfectly  sound,  and  no  horse  should  be  rejected 
merely  because  he  has  contraction.    He  should 
undoubtedly  be  examined  more  carefully,  and  with 
considerable  suspicion  ;  but  if  he  has  good  acfioii, 
and  Is  otherwise  imexceptionable,  tliere  is  no  rea- 
son that  the  purchase  ^iould  not  be  made.    A 


85"       ■ 

horse  with  coiitract€d  feet,  if  he  goes  sound,  is 
better  than  another  with  ojien  but  weaK  heels. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  appearance  of  the  feet 
which  would  enable  us  to  decide  when  contraction 
is  or  is  not  destructive  to  the  usefulness.  His  man- 
ner of  going,  and  his  capacity  for  work,  must  be 
our  guides.  Lameness  usuaUy  accompanies  the 
beginning  of  contraction.  It  is  the  invariable  at- 
tendant of  rapid'  contraction,  but  it  does  not 
always  exist  when  the  wiring  m  is  slow,  or  of  long 
standing.  Experience  has  taught  us  to  believe 
that  contraction  in  the  majority  of  cases  is  in  con- 
sequence of  bad  shoeing.  The  young  and  healthy 
foot,  before  shoeing,  approaching  nearly  to  a 
circle,  and  of  which  the  quarters  form  the  widest 
part,  and  the  inner  quarter  rather  wider  than  the 
outer.  But  we  are  sorry  to  say  this  shape  is  not 
long  preserved  in  many  horses,  and  why?  In 
the  first  place  the  majority  of  smiths  forge  the 
shoe  in  a  way  calculated  to  contract  the  foot  at 
every  step.  The  shoe  is  turned  with  each  side 
almost  straight,  upper  side  concave,  with  heels 
projecting  outward,  causing  the  crust  of  the  heel 
to  turn  under,  and  contraction  follows.  The  shoe 
should  be  turned  as  round  as  the  foot  will  admit 
of,  leaving  the  upper  side  perfectly  level  forward 
of  the  quarters  5  from  the  nail  holes  back  to  the 
hq^l,  on  each  side  leave  the  outside  the  lowest,  so 
if  you  should  place  a  rule  across  the  heel  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  shoe  it  would  rest  upon  the 
inside  corner,  but  would  not  touch  the  outer  by 


80 

one  eiglitli  of  an  inch.  Your  slioe  sliould  be  wide 
web.  Do  not  let  tlie  lieels  project  outward,  but 
bring  them  round  with  the  foot.  But  if  by  so 
doing  the  inside  corner  of  the  heel  should  rest 
against  the  frog,  by  the  use  of  a  cold  chisel,  the 
inside  corner  of  the  heel  can  be  removed,  and  all 
will  be  clear.  No  doubt  you  see  the  advantage 
of  having  a  horse  with  contracted  feet  shod  as 
above  described.  A  shoe  of  that  pattern  will  have 
a  tendency  to  expand  the  quarters  at  every  step. 


Clips. 

These  are  portions  of  the  upper  edge  of  the 
shoe,  hammered  out,  and  turned  up  so  as  to  em- 
brace the  lower  part  of  the  crust,  which  is  usually 
pared  out  a  little  in  order  to  receive  the  clip.  They 
are  very  useful  as  more  securely  attaching  the 
shoe  to  the  foot,  and  relieving  the  crust  from  that 
stress  upon  the  nails  which  would  otherwise  be 
injurious.  A  clip  at  the  toe  is  almost  necessary 
in  every  case,  and  absolutely  so  in  the  horse  of 
heavy  draught,  in  order  to  prevent  the  shoe  being 
loosened  by  the  pressure  being  thrown  upon  it  in 
the  act  of  drawing. 


The  Hind  ISlioe. 

In  forming  the  hind  shoes  it  should  be  remem- 
bered that  the  hind  limbs  are  the  principal  instru- 
ments in  i^rogression,  and  that  in  every  act  of  pro- 
gression, except  the  walk,  the  toe  is  the  point  on 
which  the  whole  fi^ame  of  the  animal  turns,  and 


87 

irom  wliicli  it  is  propelled.  This  part,  then,  should 
he  strengthened  as  much  as  possible,  and  there- 
fore the  hinder  shoes  should  he  clipped  at  each 
.side  as  Avell  as  at  the  toe. 


Xo  Prevent  Overrcacliiiig-,  op  Klicking. 

Shoe  your  horse  heavy  forward — two  pound 
i>hoe — making  the  heel  of  the  shoe  twice  the  thick- 
ness of  the  toe.  The  hind  shoe  made  short,  nai'- 
row  web,  and  very  light,  with  toe  twice  the  thick- 
ness of  the  heel.  Placing  the  heavy  shoes  to  the 
forward  feet  will  cause  him  to  lift  his  feet  with 
more  energy ;  also  the  heel  of  his  forward  feet. 
and  the  toe  of  his  hind  feet,  will  so  reverse  the 
action  that  in  the  majority  of  cases  they  will 
travel  clear. 


Ittterferiiig-  Avitli  tlie  Hind  Feet. 

I  think  we  can  safely  say  that  more  than  half 
of  the  horses  now  in  use  are  animals  that  cut 
their  ankles,  and  it  is  a  great  objection.  A  horse 
of  that  kiftd  is  rejected  by  many  dealers,  but  we 
argue  that  if  they  are  i^roperly  shod  the  cause  can 
be  removed.  The  habit  that  smiths  in  general 
have  of  leaving  the  inside  of  the  toe  twice  the 
'thickness  of  the  outer  side  is  all  wrong.  The  shoe 
should  be  narrow  web,  and  very  light,  each  side  ot 
the  same  thickness.  The  toe  calk  should  be  weld- 
ed to  the  toe  one-half  inch  inside  of  the  centre 
leading  the  inside  of  said  calk  the  highest.  Heel 
»ealks  the  same  height.    By  so  doing,  the  outside 


of  the  ^oe  is  one  inch  longer  than  the  inside.  It 
is  now  necessary  to  pare  the  outside  of  the  foot 
the  lowest.  Your  shoe  is  now  made  fast  to  the 
foot  with  five  nails,  three  on  the  outside  and  two 
on  the  inner ;  also  tltree  clips,  one  at  the  toe  and 
one  at  each  side. 


InterfVriiig-  T^itli  ForM'ard  Feet. 

We  have  known  valuable  horses,,  and  fast  trot- 
ting horses,  to  cut  their  ankles  inside  of  the  leg^ 
and  quite  (rften  the  knee — and  badly,  too — with 
the  shoe  of  the  opposite  foot,  and  we  think  the 
plan  we  adopt  a  good  one.  The  outer  web  of  the 
s^hoe  should  be  narrow  and  light,  the  inner  wide 
and  heavy,  with  the  outside  of  the  hoof  pared  the 
lowest.  When  all  other  plans  have  failed  this  has. 
prove<l  effectuaL 


Tlie  Bar  Slioe^ 

The  bar  shoe  is  often  exceedingly  useful.  It  ist 
the  continuation  of  the  common  shoe  around  the 
heels^  and  by  means  of  it  tlie  pressure  may  be 
taken  off  fpom:  some  tender  part  of  the  foot,  and 
thrown  on  aaiother,  which  is  better  'able  to  bear 
it;  or  more  widely  and  deeply  diffused  over  the 
wliolefoot.  It  is  resorted  to  in  cases  of  corns^ 
pumiced  feet,  sand  cracky  cracked  quarter,  &.c. 
In  such  cases  the  bar  shoe  can  be  used-  to  ad  van 
tage,  but  it  should  be  left  off  as  soon  as.  It  can  b& 
dispensed  with,. 


i(nart«r  Crack. 

Much  has  been  said,  and  various  i)lans  devised 
by  which  to  heal  a  quarter  crack,  such  as  scoring 
with  a  knife,  blistering,  cutting  with  a  sharp,  hot 
iron,  riveting,  and  the  like.  All  which,  in  some 
cases,  have  proved  a  failure.  Kow,  let  me  say,  if 
you  will  follow  my  directions,  you  may  have  a 
sound  foot  in  three  months.  Above  the  cracky 
and  next  to  the  hair,  cut  with  your  knife  an  incis- 
ion one-half  inch  long,  crosswise  of  the  craek,  and 
one-eighth  or  one-sixteenth  inch  deep.  Kow,  from 
the  incision,  draw  a  line  one-quarter  inch  each  side, 
parallel  with  the  crack,  down  to  the  shoe;  with 
your  knife  follow  those  lines,  and  cut  through  the 
enamel  or  crust  of  the  foot.  To  see,  now,  therein 
a  piece  of  the  crust  to  be  taken  out ;  this  is  done 
by  loosening  the  toj)  of  the  piece  next  to  the  hair 
with  your  knife.  Then,  with  your  forceps,  take 
hold  of  the  piece,  and  pull  it  off;  that  leaves  a 
space  of  one-half  inch  of  the  crust  taken  out  from 
the  hair  down  to  the  shoe.  Fill  the  cavity  with 
tar,  and  lace  on  on  a  soft  piece  of  leather,  to  keep 
the  tar  in  its  place.  Keep  him  quiet  for  three  or 
four  days,  and  he  is  ready  to  drive.  Shoe  with  a 
bar  shoe,  leaving  some  spring  to  the  heel,  so  it  will 
not  bear  hard  upon  the  weak  quarter,  and  in  three 
months  you  will  have  a  sound  foot.    Try  it. 


90 


TEACHING  TRICKS. 


As  many  of  our  scbolars  may  wish  to  know  how- 
to  tea^h  their  horses  tricks,  we  will  explain  how 
itr  may  be  clone.  Teaching  a  young  horse  a  few 
tricks  greatly  serves  to  keep  up  an  interest  in  him, 
and  makes  him  appear  intelligent,  fearless,  and 
affectionate.  In  teaching  your  horse  to  perform 
tricks,  it  is  best  to  give  hhn  one  or  two  lessons  of 
half,  or  three-quarters  of  an  hour  each,  daily. 


To  Come  at  *lie  Cracic  of  tlie  M'liip,  or  at  tlie 
^Vord.  of  Cominaud. 

As  for  halter  breaking,  catching  in  pasture,  and 
the  like. 


To  ITIake  a  Bow. 

Take  a  pin  in  your  r%ht  hand,  between  the 
thumb  and  forefinger,  and  stand  before,  but  a  lit- 
tle to  the  left  of  your  horse.  Then  prick  him  on 
the  bre^'st  very  lightly,  as  if  a  fly  biting,  which,to 
relieve,  he  will  bring  down  his  head,  which  you 
will  aecept  as  yes,  and  for  which  you  will  rewai'd 
him  by  caressing,  and  feeding  him  a  little  apple, 
a  few  kernels  of  corn,  or  oats.  Then  re}.>e^t,  and 
so  contiiuie  until  he  brings  the  head  down  the  mo- 
ment he  sees  the  least  motion  of  your  hand  to- 
wards his  brea-st;  or  substitute  some  signal  whicli 
he  will  understand  readilv. 


91 

To  Say  Z\o. 

Stand  by  your  horse  near  the  shoukler^holdhig 
the  same  pin  in  your  hand,  with  which  prick  him 
lightly  on  the  withers,  and  to  relieve  himself  he 
will  shake  his  head.  You  then  caress  him  as  be- 
fore, and  so  repeating,  until  he  will  shake  his  head 
at  the  least  indication  of  your  touching  him  with 
the  pin.  You  can  train  your  horse  so  nicely  iu  this 
way  in  a  short  time  as  to  cause  him  to  shake  his 
head,  or  bow,  by  merely  tirrning  the  hand  a  little, 
or  moving  it  slightly  towards  him. 


To  t.ie  I>oTni. 

To  teach  a  horse  how  to  do  this  tiick  quickly, 
you  must  lay  him  down  two  or  three  times,  or  as 
often  as  you  will  find  it  necessary  to  make  him 
understand  your  object.  If  an  old  horse,  strap 
the  near  foreleg  up  to  the  arm,  then  take  your  lit- 
tle strap,  previously  used  to  tamper  your  colt  with , 
and  jylsLce  over  the  back  and  strap  around  the  off 
fore  foot,  below  the  fetlock.  Then  take  the  bridle 
rein  firmly  in  yoiu-  left  hand,  about  eighteen  inch- 
es from  the  head,  and  pull  upon  it  a  little  towards 
you.  The  moment  he  st^ps,  pull  upon  the  strap 
over  the  body,  which  will  bring  the  horse  to  his 
knees.  Hold  him  quietly,  at  the  same  time  talk- 
ing to  him  gently.  When  he  springs,  pull  sliarp- 
ly  with  the  left  hand,  and  the  same  instant  X)ull 
down  with  the  right,  which  will  sv^anghim  around 
you,  and  prevent  his  rising  high  enough  to  injure 
his  knees  by  the  momentum  of  the  botly  coming 


92 

down.  By  being  gentle,  the  horse  will  usually  lie 
down  in  a  short  time.  When  down,  treat  your 
horse  with  the  greatest  attention  and  kindness. 
After  holding  him  down  ten  or  fifteen  minutes, 
permit  him  to  get  up.  Repeat  this  lesson  until  he 
will  come  down  readily.  Then  use  only  the  strap 
over  the  back,  which  have  on  the  near  foot,  and 
bring  him  on  his  knees  gently,  when  he  will  soon 
lie  down.  When  he  will  come  on  his  knees  readi- 
ly by  taking  up  the  foot  in  this  way,  take  up 
the  foot  with  the  hand,  asking  him  to  lie  down. 
He  will  soon  come  down.  When  he  will  come 
on  his  knees  readily  by  taking  up  the  foot 
with  the  hand,  simply  stoop  as  if  intending  to 
take  it  up,  saying,  "  lie  down,  sir."  Then  make 
him  come  down  by  a  motion  of  the  hand,  and 
finally  by  telling  him  to  lie  down.  If  a  colt,  use 
but  the  single  strap  over  the  body  at  first,  which 
will  cause  him  to  come  on  his  knees.  In  teaching 
a  horse  to  lie  down — be  gentle,  caress,  and  reward 
him  for  lying  down,  and  your  horse,  comprehend- 
ing what  you  want,  and  finding  himself  paid  for 
comi)liance,  will  soon  be  as  anxious  to  get  down 
for  the  reward  as  vou  are  to  have  him. 


To  Sit  Up. 

When  your  horse  will  lie  down  readily,  you  can 
then  easily  teach  him  to  sit  up  like  a  dog.  If  young, 
and  not  very  heavy  and  strong,  you  can  easily 
prevent  his  getting  up,  without  tjing  down.  First 
cause  him  to  lie  down,  having  on  him  a  common 


.93 

bridle,  with  the  reins  over  the  neck,  then  step  be 
hind  him,  and  x)lac^  the  right  foot  firmly  upon  the 
tail,  the  reins  in  your  hands.  Then  say,  "  get  up, 
sir."  The  horse,  rising  from  a  recumbent  position^ 
first  upon  his  belly,  thro>YS  out  his  forward  feet, 
and  raises  himself  ui)on  them,  springs  forward, 
and  raises  on  his  hind  feet.  Kow,  standing  upon 
his  tail  firmly,  and  ])ulling  ba€k  upon  the  reins 
when  he  attemi)ts  to  spring  forAvard  and  up,  will 
prevent  his  doing  so,  and  you  hold  him  sitting  up, 
Hold  him  firmly  a  few  seconds,  talking  to  him 
kindly,  before  permitting  him  to  rise  on  his  feet. 
Bepeat  a  few  times,  when,  instead  of  spiinging 
up,  lie  will  sit  on  his  haunches  a  short  time,  wliicli 
you  are  to  accept  as  complying  with  your  wishes. 
Always  say,  "  sit  up  sir,"  every  time,  and  hold  him 
in  the  position  as  long  as  he  will  bear, by  fondling 
him,  and  feeding  him  from  the  hand  with  some- 
thing he  likes,  and  your  horse  will  learn  to  sit  up 
for  you  as  long  as  you  please. 

But  if  your  horse  is  heavy,  and  strong,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  rcvsort  to  other  means  to  hold  him 
down  at  first.  This  you  do  by  putting  on  his  neck 
a  common  collar,  and  causing  him  to  lie  down. 
Then  fosten  a  piece  of  rope,  or  a  rein,  to  each  hind 
foot,  and  bring  forward  through  the  collar,  and 
draw  up  close,  which  will  bring  the  hind  feet  well 
forwaril.  Then  step  behind,  as  before,  and  when 
he  attempts  to  rise  on  his  hind  feet  he  finds  it  im- 
possible to  do  so,  because  you  hold  them  firmly 
with  those  straps.     Kei>eat  two  or  three   time»». 


04. 

Vt  hen  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  resort  to  such 
force. 


To  Teacli  a  Horse  to  Kiss  You. 

Tea^li  him  first  to  take  an  apple  out  of  your 
hand.  Then  gradually  raise  the  hand  nearer 
the  mouth,  at  each  repititioUj  until  you  re. 
quire  him  to  take  it  from  your  mouth,  holding 
it  with  the  hand,  telling  him  at  the  same  time  to 
kiss  you.  He  will  soon  learn  to  reach  up  his  nose 
to  your  mouth ;  first  to  get  his  api>le,  but  finally 
because  commanded  to  do  so.  Simply  repeat  un- 
til Your  horse  understands  the  trick  thoroucfhlv. 


To  .^lftali:e  Hands. 

Tie  a  short  strap,  or  piece  of  cord,  to  the  for- 
ward foot,  below  the  fetlock.  Stand  directly  be- 
fore the  horse,  holding  the  end  of  this  strap  or 
cord  in  your  hand,  then  say,  "  shake  hands,  su','' 
and,  immediately  after  commanding  him  to  do  so, 
pull  upon  the  strap,  which  will  bring  his  foot  for- 
ward, and  which  you  are  to  acceiit  as  shaking 
hands,  thanking  him  for  it  by  caressing  and  feed- 
ing. And  so  repeat,  until  wlien-you  make  the  de- 
mand he  will  bring  the  foot  forward,  in  anticipa- 
tion of  having  it  i)idled  up.  This  is  a  veiy  easy 
trick  to  teach  a  horse.  By  a  little  practice  a  horse 
may  be  easily  trained  to  approach,  make  a  bow, 
shake  hands,  and  follow^  like  a  dog,  lie  down,  sit 
up,  and  the  like,  which  make  him  appear  both  po- 
lite and  intelligent. 


95 

Kever  lose  couragej  or  coiilidencc  in  your  ability 
becanse  you  may  not  bring  about  good  result.s 
easily.  To  accomplish  anything  of  importance^ 
remember,  requires  no  ordinary  resolution,  and 
pei'severeiice.  There  would  be  no  credit,  or  im- 
portance, attached  to  mastering  and  managing 
bad  horses,  if  not  difficult,  and  apparantly  dan- 
gerous. No  duty  requires  more  firmness  of  pur- 
pOvSe  in  the  control  of  the  passions,  or  more  fidel- 
ity to  the  principles  of  firmness  and  truth,  than 
that  of  horsemanship. 

If  you  would  really  be  a  successful  horseman 
you  must  never  seem  to  forget,  by  your  conduct, 
that  J  ou  are  a  man,  and  that  your  real  superiority 
over  the  animal  consists  in  the  prudent  exercise 
of  your  reasoning  powers.  Brute  force  in  not 
your  forte,  and  the  instant  that  you  give  way  to 
passion  your  reason  must  yield  to  the  control  of 
blind  instinct,  and  you  at  once  abdicate  your  in 
tellectual  superiority  over  the  animal.  Try  to 
prove,  by  the  example  of  your  action  in  the  per 
formance  of  the  duty,  that  to  be  a  good  horseman 
requires  higher  qualifications  of  fitness  than  tliat 
of  the  huckstering  dishonesty,  and  depravity,  so 
generally  evinced  in  the  conduct  of  those  claimiug 
the  distinction. 


llon^'  to  T'cll  a  IIorj$e^»  Ag-e. 

At  two  years  old,  Colt  sheds  two  centre  nippers. 
At  three  years  old,  Colt  sheds  the  adjoining  teethe 
At  four  years  old,  Colt  sheds  outer  or  corner  teeth. 


06 

At  live  years  old,  bridle  tooth  is  up,  and  six  year* 
€ups  leave  two  centre  teeth  below. 

At  seven  years  old  cups  leave  adjoining  teeth. 

At  eight  years  old  cups  leave  outer  or  corner 
teeth. 

At  nine  years  old,  cups  leave  the  tw<^  centre  nip- 
pers above. 

At  ten  years  old  cui)s  leave  adjoining  teeth. 

At  eleven  years  old,cups  leave  corner  upper  teeth. 

At  twelve  years  old,  or  j^ast,  groove  on  inside 
i>f  briddle  tooth  disappears  in  horses.  >[ares 
very  seldom  have  them,  and  when  they  do  they 
are  no  criterion  to  be  guided  by. 


JToclccy  Tricks. 

IfoLC  tt)  male  a  horse  appear  like  he  was  badly 
foundered. — Take  a  fme  wire  and  fasten  tight 
around  a]ikle,between  foot  and  pasturn,and  smooth 
linir  over  it.  In  twenty  minutes  horse  will  show 
lame.    Do  not  leave  it  on  over  nine  hours. 

To  mal'e  horse  lame— Take  a  single  hair  from  the 
iail,  put  through  the  eye  of  a  needle,  lift  front 
fore  leg,  and  i)ress  the  skin  between  outer  and 
suiddle  tendon  or  cord,  shove  the  needle  tlirough, 
cut  the  hak'oif  on  each  side,  and  let  the  foot  down; 
horse  will  go  lame  in  twenty  minutes. 

How  to  malce  a  horse  stand  hy  his  food^  and  not 
take  i<^— Grease  tlie  front  teeth,  and  theroof  of  the 
mouth,  with  common  beef  tallaw,  and  lie  will  not 
eat  till  you  wash  it  out.  Tliis  in  connection  with 
the  above,  will  consummate  a  perfect  founder. 


97 

lioic  to  stop  a  horse  of  the  crib,  or  Sueliny  Wind 
— Saw  between  the  upper  teeth  to  the  gums. 

Row  to  put  a  young  countenance  on  a  horse — 
Make  a  small  iucisiou  in  the  sunk  place  o^er  the 
•eye,  insert  the  point  of  a  goose  quill,  and  blow  it 
up  J  close  the  external  wound  with  thread,  and 
it  is  done. 

To  cover  up  the  heaves- — Dr<ineh  the  horse  with 
one-fourth  pound  of  bird  shot,  and  he  will  uot 
heave  until  they  pass  through. 

Td  mal'e  a  Horse  appear  as  if  he  had  the  glanders. 
Melt  four  oimces  fresh  butter,  ati<l  pour  it  into  hi<? 
^ar. 

To  distinguish  between  disttmper  and  glanders — 
The  discharge  from  the  nose  in  distemj)er  will  float 
•in  water ;  in  glanders  it  sinks. 

llotc  to  malxG  a  true  pulling  Horse  balk — Take 
tincture  cantharides  one  ounce,  and  corrosive  sub- 
limate one  drachm  ;  mix,  and  bathe  his  shoidder^ 
at  night. 

How  to  nerve  a  Horse  that  is  lame — Make  a  sniafi 
incision  about  half  way  from  the  knee  to  the  joint 
on  the  outside  of  the  leg,  and  at  the  Ijack  part  of 
the  shin  bone  j  you  will  find  a  small  w^hite  tendon 
or  cord  j  cut  it  off,  close  the  external  wound  with 
a  stitch,  and  he  will  walk  off  on  the  liardes^t  pave 
ment,  and  not  limp  a  particle. 


m 


TRAINING  STEERS, 

is  TAtTGHT  BY  A.  H.  ROCKWELL, 


tlo^r  to  Teacla  Steers  to  Obey  tlie  "IVliip.. 

rirst  get  your  steer  into  a  room,  or  small  yard^ 
so  tiiat  ke  cannot  run  from  you,   tlien  approach, 
him  gently  and  slowly,  and  if  he  runs    do    not 
l)e  in  a  hurry ;    wait  until  he  gets  to  the  end  of 
The  enclosure,  then  approach  him  slowly,  as  before.. 
A  steer  will  often  run  from  you  in  this  way  six  or 
eiglit  times,    Do  not  try  to   stop  him  with  your 
whip,  or  force  him  to  think  he  will  be  at  all  injured, , 
until  he  will  stand  and  suffer  you  to  approach 
him.     As  soon  as  this  is  accomplished,  gently  tie 
a  rope  around  his  body,  near  the  shoulders,  rather 
loosely.     Tlien  take  another  rope,  or  strap,  and 
gently  fasten  one  end  to  the  near  forward  foot., 
then  pass  the  other  end  over  the  rope,  or  s]ircingic 
beneatli  the  body.    This  rope  should  be  sufficient- 
ly long  to  allow  him  to  run  to  the  end  of  the  en 
closure  without  your  moving,  at  the  same  time 
you  holding  the  rope  firm  to  compel  him  to  move 
on  three  legs'.     Then  approach  him  again,  quietly : . 
he  will  not  run  off  in  this  way  but  a  few  times 
before  he  fully  comprehends  that  he  will  not  be 
injured,  when  he  Avill  suffer  you  to  approach  and 
handle  him  just  as  you  please.    ]S'ow  take  a  short 
hold  of  the  strap  with  your  left  hand,  your  wliii* 
in  your  right,  which,  pass  over  his  shoulders,  and 
quietly  touch  him. upon  thf'  off  side  of  his  head. 


99 

at  tlie  same  time  saying  ''-  haw,"  and  continue  this 
until  he  moves  his  head  a  little  towards  you. 
Then  stop  and  caress  him  upon  and  about  his  neck 
and  head.  Eepeat  tliis  until  he  haws  around 
towards  you.  If  he  attempts  to  run  from  you,  pul.l 
upon  the  strap,  saying  ^'whoa,"  and  at  the  same 
time  hitting  him  lightly  upon  the  head  with  the 
whip.  As  soon  as  he  learns  in  this  way  to  stop  at 
the  word  of  command,  and  comes  toward  you  read- 
ily, take  off  the  strax)  and  surcingle,  and  turn  him 
out.  Then  take  the  mate,  and  give  him  the  same 
course  of  training  until  you  can  accomplish  with 
him  a  like  result.  Then  timi  lilm  out.  By  this 
time  the  first  steer  is  cool,  and  rested,  ready  to  re- 
ceive another  lesson.  Xow  drive  him  into  the  en- 
closure, and  repeat  his  lessons  with  the  whip. 
Then  quietly  touching  him  gently  upon  the  near 
side  of  the  head,  at  the  same  time  saying  ^^  gee," 
until  he  will  step  around  from  you,  then  caress, 
and  repeat  until  he  will  gee  or  haw  readily.  Then 
re])eat  the  same  lesson  with  his  mate,  which  is  ail 
that  is  necessary  to  be  done  the  first  half  day. 
Then  take  both  together  in  the  same  room,  or  yard 
and  repeat  these  lessons  until  they  have  a  thorough 
understanding  of  what  you  have  done.  Then 
take  one  of  them  near  the  wall,  standing  by  his 
side  hitting  with  your  whip  gently  over  the  head, 
at  the  same  time  saying  ''back,"  until  he  ^ti^  step 
back,  for  which  caress.  Kepeat  this  until  he 
will  go  back  at  the  word  readily.  Then  give  the 
other  .steer  the  same  lesson.    You  will  find  this 


100 

course  of  training  will  make  your  steers  quite 
obedient,  and  willing  to  liaw,  gee,  or  back,  which 
will  be  all  that  you  should  require  in  one  day^s 
time.  The  next  morning,  or  when  you  have  time, 
repeat  this  lesson  with  both  together.  Then  place 
the  yoke  upon  them,  and  let  them  go  for  an  hour 
or  two,  or  sufficiently  long  to  become  fully  recon- 
ciled  to  the  restraint  of  the  yoke.  Then  repeat 
your  lessons  in  open  yard,  until  they  fully  under 
stand  what  you  require  of  them  yoked  together. 
This  course  of  training  does  not  excite,  while  it 
conveys  the  idea  most  clearly  of  what  is  required, 
and  will  enable  the  trainer  to  accomplish  more  m 
a  given  time  than  has  yet  been  done  by  any  other 
system  of  managing  steerft.  If  yoiu'  steers  have 
learned  to  run  away  from  you,  which  is  a  common 
result  of  the  ordinary  method  of  training,  put  on 
the  rope  and  strap,  to  the  foot.  If  hitched  to  a 
wagon,  or  stone  load,  let  your  man  hold  the  foot 
strap,  which  run  back  between  the  steers,  and  the 
moment  they  attempt  to  run  he  pulls  up  the  feet, 
while  you  whip  over  the  head,  which  will  st-op 
them  immediately,  and  will  very  soon  break 
the  habit. 


101 


TRAINING  DOGS. 


The  dog  is  the  most  domesticated,  and  (next  to 
the  horse)  the  most  intelligent  of  all  animals.  He 
is  easily  taught,  and  if  properly  treated,  is  a  faith- 
fid  and  willing  servant  of  man ;  if  misused,  and 
ill-treated,  he  is  very  apt  to  become  disagreeable, 
and  a  nuisance.  The  dog  being  a  favorite  of  man- 
kind, it  becomes  a  duty  to  educate  him  in  such  a 
manner  that  he  will  not  only  reflect  credit,  but  be- 
come useful  to  his  master,  besides  being  an  agree- 
able inmate  to  all  members  of  the  household.  We 
have  given  particular  attention  to  this  subject,  it 
being  one  which  cannot  fail  to  interest  all  readers. 
We  have  at  present  two  of  the  best  trained  dogs 
in  the  country — Minnie,  an  Italian  greyhound,  and 
Tasso,  a  black  and  tan.  They  are  made  to  under- 
stand any  words  of  the  English  language,  simply 
by  teaching  them  the  act,  and  then  the  word  from 
the  act.  The  rules  wherby  any  person  can  edu- 
cate a  dog,  are  simple,  and  easily  understood,  but 
'tis  necessary  to  be  patient,  kind,  and  persevering 
(the  same  as  in  all  things).  We  give  a  few  rules 
sufficient  to  enable  the  operator  to  practice  many 
more.  There  are  different  breeds  of  dogs,  and,  of 
course,  as  many  different  habits  and  dispositions 
as  breeds  5  consequently,  it  will  require  judgment 
to  train  them  to  that  to  which  they  are  best  adapt- 
ed by  nature.    For  instance,  the  St.  Bernard  is  a 


102 

faithful  watch  dog,  while  the  setter  will  scent 
game  without  training ;  a  terrier  will  catch  rats, 
and  the  greyhound  takes  to  running  from  his  birth. 
It  is  necessary,  therefore,  in  attempting  to  teach 
the  dog,  to  bear  in  mind  these  natural  habits,  be- 
ing careful  not  to  urge  upon  him  the  performance 
of  any  duties,  or  tricks,  which  are  manifestly  not 
in  his  nature  to  do.  When  selecting  dogs  for  any 
particular  lesson,  study  this  subject  closely,  as 
undoubtedly  it  is  the  most  useful  lesson  to  ])e 
taught.  In  educating  the  Shei)herd  to  drive,  or 
the  watch  dog,  we  have  not  given  so  much  atten- 
tion. Not  being  so  fond  of  this  kind  as  the  more 
intelligent  class  of  dogs,  learning  them  certain 
tricks,  &c.,  but  we  will  give  you  the  knowledge  of 
the  above  as  we  obtained  it  ft-om  a  celebrated  dog 
trainer. 


Training:  tlie  Slieplierd  to  I>rive. 

Take  a  well-bred  Shepherd  Dog,  about  six 
months  old,  reared  in  some  secluded  i)lace,  hear- 
ing no  words  with  a  meaning  intended  to  be  at- 
tached, except  his  name.  He  should  know  no- 
thing of  the  ordinary  words  in  use  towards  dogs, 
and  not  have  be^n  handled  by  boys,  or  careless 
persons.  Take  him  alone  with  you  in  a  large  room. 
The  first  thing  to  be  done  is  to  learn  him  to  lead, 
placing  a  strap  around  his  neck,  that  cannot  hurt 
him,  to  which  attach  a  cord  six  or  eight  feet  in 
leng-th  ;  stand  stillj  and  hold  upon  the  cord  for  a 
few  minutes,  until  he  ceases  struggling  to  get 


103 

;rtway.     It  is  best  to  give  one  lesson  each  day  dm 
ing  tlie  wliole  training.     The  first  two  lessons 
should  be  devoted  to  learning  him  that  he  eannot 
get  away.    Now,  commence  learning  liim  to  come 
to  youj  by  pulling  upon  the  roi)e,   and  saying, 
**Here,"  using  only  the  one  word.     In  tlie  use  of 
'  (his,  as  well  as  all  other  words  used  in  training 
the  dog,  one  word  i«  all  tliat  is  best  to  try  a^rt 
learn  him  for  any  one  act,  it  being  so  difficult  to 
make  him  understand,  if  yon  attempt  to  learn  him 
more.     When  he  is  once  fixed  in  the  habit  of  mind- 
i  ing  the  word,  you  may  then  use  such  other  word^ 
in  connection  therewith,   as  are  pleasant  to  thi^ 
ear,  as,  for  instance,  '^come  here,  sir."    Without 
the  word  liere  he  will  not  know  what  you  mean, 
and  the  others  being  meaningless  to  him,  do  not 
puzzle  him.    He  will  also  be  less  liable  to  have 
too  many  masters,  as  the  one  word  will  not  be 
likely  to  be  used  every  time  by  a   person  unac- 
.  (juainted  with  your  mode  of  training.    Of  course, 
if  you  i^refer  it,  you  may,  in  giving  the  lesson, 
.substitute  other  words  for  those  laid  down ;  but 
we  give  those  which  are  readiest  to  the  tongue. 
As  the  dog  comes  uj),  whether  voluntarily  or  not 
.say  "Do,"  and  caress  him.     A  lesson  of  an  hour 
or  two,  working  slowly   and   patiently,    w  ill   be 
about  right,  eacli  time.     Proceed  with  it  until  he 
will  come -to  you  from  any  portion  of  the  room,  at 
the  word  "  Here."    He  will  liave  learned  by  this 
time,  probably,  that  the  word  "Do,"  is  for  him  to 
.understand  that  you  are  through  with  him,    W hen 


Jje  perfectly  realizes  this,  you  may  tbeiLprefi.^:: 
words,  and  say  "tliat  will  do,"  empliasizing  upoi)^ 
tlie  word  do  each  time.  You  may  also  now  say,, 
"  come  liere,"  remembering  that  the  words  het'e 
and  do  are  the  only  ones  he  obex's.  He  camiot 
(M3nnect  sentences,  or  be  made  to  understand  them 
when  once  connected.  You  now  wish  to  learn  him 
the  words  ''Go,"  and  "Halt."  To  do  this  you  will 
plaice  yourself  in  a  portion  of  the  room  opposite  to. 
where  the  dog  would  naturally  desire  to  go,  (the 
door,  for  instance,  or  something  that  would  attract 
liim,  such  as  food,)  say  ''Go,"  and  by  coaxing  and 
urging  him,  start  him  along;  as  he  gets  part  of 
the  way,  say  "Halt,"^  pull  upon  the  string,  stop- 
ping liim,  and  say  "Halt"  again.  Proceed  with, 
this  until  he  has  learned  to  obey  both  the  words, 
"Go,"  and  "Halt."  To  teach  those  four  words 
named,  will  generally  take  three  or  four  weeks. . 
iS^ow  learn  him  to  bark  at  the  word  "Speak,"  by 
holding  w^  something  which  he  wants  very  much, 
for  instance,  food,  when  he  is  very  hungry.  You 
may  now  let  him  loose,  and  let  him  run  about  with 
you,  (previously  keeping  him  confined,  but  not  in 
a  narrow  place,)  being  watchful  that  he  does  not 
stray  off,  nor  be  hurt,  or  handled  by  others.  He 
will  soon  become  handy  about  the  house.  You 
Iluviiig  control  of  him  through  the  words  you  have 
taught  him.  can  keep  him  in  his  place  by  word  of 
•:omnuind.  For  instance,  if  you  wish  him  to  go 
out  of  doors,  show  him  the  door^  and  say,  "Gcn 
ont:'    The  word  "go"  will  start  him,  and  in  a  lit 


105 

tie  while  he  will  become  familiar  with  the  word 
''out.''  Give  hira  a  fixed  place  to  sleep  and  learn 
him  its  name.  If  you  have  a  dog  already  trained 
to  drive,  and  go  behind,  take  him  out  with  him  to 
drive  in  the  cattle.  He  will  learn  that  they  will 
nin  from  him.  Say  nothing  to  him  while  he  is 
with  the  other  dog,  unless  he  attempts  to  go  to  the 
head  of  any  of  the  cattle.  This  you  must  not^nl- 
low.  After  two  or  three  times  take  him  out  with- 
out tlie  other  dog,  and  allow  him  to  run  after 
the  cattle,  provided  the  cattle  are  used  to  be- 
ing driven  by  dogs.  It  will  not  do  to  let  him  run 
where  there  is  a  chance  of  his  being  turned  upon. 
If  he  runs  them  too  fast,  say  "Steady."'^  He  wilV' 
not  know  what  you  mean,  but,  as  you  use  words 
with  him  only  *when  they  mean  something,  he  will 
be  apt  to  pay  attention,  and  go  slower.  If  lie 
does  not,  say  ''Halt,"  then  "Go,"  steadying  him 
by  the  word  "Steady"  if  possible.  He  will  grad- 
ually learn  its  meaning  by  its  repetition.  If  you 
have  no  other  dog,  you  will  let  him  go  without, 
l)eing  more  watchful  of  him,  that  he  does  not  go 
to  the  head  of  the  cattle ;  otherwise  say  nothing 
to  him,  except  "Go,"  not  letting  him  start  until  he 
gets  the  word.  After  a  while  you  may  proceed  to 
practice  upon  the  other  words  he  knows.  If  he 
shows  no  disposition  to  bite  at  the  heels,  or  pull 
at  the  tail,  take  a  rope,  and  tie  a  knot  a  short  dis- 
tance up,  finger  out  the  end,  and  play  with  him 
with  the  rope,  letting  him  catch  hold  of  it,  and 
causing  him  to  bark   at  it  by  using  the   word 


106 

**speak,''     When  lie  takes  hold  of  the  rope,   say 
^'Up,"  and  wheu  you  wish  him  to  let  go,  "Do." 
Yon  may  then,  with  a  slow  cow,  civll  him  up,  and 
taking  hold  of  the  tail,  say  "Up,"  and  "Speak*"  to 
teach  him  to  take  hold  of  the  tail  and  bark,  when 
you  say,  "Start  'em  up,"  and   "Speak  to   them," 
sind  to  let  go  when  you  say  "That  will  do."    Istbw 
^icc^stom  him  to  the  word  "Fetch,"  for  sheep,  and 
'*Clet,"  for  cattle^  &c.,  so  that  when  you  say  "Go 
and  get  the  cattle,"  he  knows  you  mean  cattle  in- 
stead of  sheep  or  horses.     You  may  now  teach 
him  to  know  the  right  from  the  left,  and  to  obey 
your  orders  in  that  respect,  by  taking  him  into  a 
large  room,  and  by  the  motion  of  your  right  hand 
try  to  have  him  go  to  the  right,  from  you,  saying 
•i^Go,— right,^    If  he  does  not  do  it,  say  "Halt," 
and  repeat.    When  he  does  do  it,  say  "That  will 
do."    Continue  this  luitil  he  will  go  to  the  right  at 
the  motion  of  your  hand,  and  the  word  "Eight," 
then  with  your  left  hand  making  motions,  and  the 
word  "Left,--  you  learn  him  the  opposite.     By 
these  motions,  and  an  appeal  to  the  intelligence  of 
tlie  dog,  1)y  your  countenance  mul  eyes,  you  can 
-<tart  him  for  the  fields  in  any  direction  you  choose, 
and  he  soon  learns  to  do  your  wants  with  very 
sittle  telling.     Following  these  rules  will  satisfy 
you  that  the  dog  can  be  taught  indefinitely  res- 
pc'cting  all  thing^is  which  pertain  to  his  ])ecnli;ij- 
?)ature. 


107 
Tlie  ^VatcU  Dog^. 

For  a  good  watch  dog,  select  one  of  a  breed 
adapted  to  tlie  business.  There  is  but  little  that 
YOU  can  teach  such  an  one,  as  it  is  somewhat  of  a 
natural  trait,  and  any  other  than  a  natural  watch 
dog,  however  much  you  may  labor  with  him,  will 
never  be  reliable.  A  barking  dog,  one  that  will 
be  noisy  on  the  approach  of  intruders,  is  the  best ; 
a  dog  that  bites,  but  does  not  bark,  is  only  ht  to 
l)ut  in  barns,  or  other  out-buildings  nights,  chain- 
ing him  up  day-times  j  and  then  he  is  dangerous, 
even  to  his  keeper,  as  a  Budden  start  wdl  cause 
him  to  bite  any  one.  To  learn  your  dog,  give  him 
something  to  watch,  saying,  ''Take  care  of  it,''  as 
you  place  him  near  the  object.  He  will  soon  learn 
the  word,  and  upon  being  directed  to  any  particu- 
lar thing,  will  faithfully  guard  it.  AVhile  learn- 
ing him,  allow  no  one  but  yourself  to  approach 
him,  without  setting  him  on.  You  may  ha^  e  a 
stranger  approach  him  and  tease  him,  you  iiiging 
him  to  drive  the  stranger  away,  and  ns  soon  as  lu- 
starts,  let  the  i)erson  run,  you  calling  the  dog  1  tark. 
While  young,  do  not  compel  him  to  stay  too  long 
at  one  thing,  and  when  you  go  up  to  him  and  say 
''That  will  do,"  feed  him  something.  After  the 
manner  si)oken  of  in  the  previous  illustration. 
whenever  you  wish  the  dog  to  bite,  or  go  at  any 
person  or  thing,  you  will  teach  him  tlu^  words  the 
reverse  of  what  you  mean,  such  as  ''Be  still." 
''Get  out,"  ''Lie  down.*'  You  will  see  that  a  per- 
son not  understanding  the  dog,  will  not  be  vciy 


lOS 

apt  to  get  near  him,  as  he  woukl  naturally  make 
nse  of  those  words,  and  they  wonkl  be  setting  him 
on,  instead  of  quieting  him.  To  call  him  yourself 
use  such  convenient  word  as  you  choose,  but  not 
one  naturally  used  by  others.  As  this  ingenious 
use  of  words  is  about  the  only  new  idea  we  can 
suggest,  to  teach  Avatch  dogs,  the  master  can  use 
his  own  ingenuity  to  render  it  practical. 


TUe  Triolc  ]>og-. 

Many  amusing  tricks  may  be  taught  which  will 
exhibit  in  a  wonderful  degree  the  intelligence  of 
the  dog:  As  we  have  before  said,  much  depends 
upon  the  breed.  A  dog  of  one  peculiar  breed 
may  be  learned  a  certain  class  of  tricks,  while  that 
of  another  breed  will  be  entirely  different  in  his 
characteristics.  A  well  bred  dog  is  hard  to  learn 
any  tiicks  except  those  pertaining  to  his  nature  : 
wltilf  a  mongrel  cur  is  quite  easy  to  learn  any. 
Perhaps  a  8|)aniel -poodle  dog  is  the  most  tracta- 
ble of  any,  a  Black-and-Tan  is  quite  apt.  We  give 
a  few  examples,  sufficient  to  forn)  a  ground- work 
for  the  intelligent  operator  to  extend  his  list  of 
tricks  at  his  pleasure. 


Xlie  First  Ktep  to  be  Xiiken. 

^^'hen  you  are  preparing  the  dog  to  receive  his 
lirst  lesson,  it  is  necessary  to  place  him  where  you 
can  control  him.  Procure  a  ])\ouo  of  cord  ten  feet 
long,  and  one-fourth  of  au  inch  iu  diameter,  tie  a 
knot  in  each  end — one  that  will  not  slip.     Takeoue 


100 

end,  place  it  around  the  dog'ts  ueck,  to  get  the 
size,  then  tie  another  knot,  and  again  place  it 
around  his  neck,  slipping  4he  end  with  knot 
through,  and  make  fast.  The  proi)er  way  of  train- 
ing him  is  with  a  whip,  a  small  riding  whip.  In 
giving  him  his  fii'st  lesson,  should  he  attemi)t  to 
run  fi'om  yea,  (as  he  undoubtedly  will),  give  him 
a  sudden  jerk,  and  say  "Come  here,''  a-s  he  comes 
back,  talk  gently,  pat  and  caress  him  }  that  is  to 
show  him  he  has  done  right  in  coming  back.  A 
few  pulls  with  the  cord,  and  he  will  not  attemi^t  to 
leave  you. 


T©  Hiearu  IliiR  to  Sit  I>ot^t», 

Press  your  hand  upon  his  back  toward  his  hind 
legs  and  say,  "  sit  down"  at  the  same  time  tapping 
with  your  foot  upon  the  floor.  If  he  attempts  to 
lie  down  or  draw  his  feet  under  him,  coax  him  up, 
and  learn  him  that  "  sit  down"  is  what  you  are 
after,  tapping  him  under  the  chin  to  keep  his  head 
well  up.  He  will  after  a  few  lessons,  sit  down  at 
the  word  and  a  tapping  of  your  foot  on  the  floor, 
or  with  your  whip,  holding  him  by  the  cord,  tap 
him  lightly  on  the  top  of  the  qnarters  saying^  "  sit 
down,"  eaeh  time  a  little  harder  until  he  sits  dowii. 
then  ]}at  him  to  show  ho  has  done  right. 


To  rHake  a  Sto\r. 

When  he  gets  handy,  and  will  sit  down  at  the 
word,  then  say  to  him,  "  make  a  bow."  This  trick 
you  can  learn  him  in  a  very  short  time.     A^  h»' 


no 

.sits  down,  place  your  riglit  hand  on  the  top  of  bis 
head,  andAvith  a  quick  move,  press  down  saying^ 
'^  make  a  bow."  By  accompanying  tlie  Avord  with 
the  act,  quite  often,  each  day,  for  a  few  days,  he 
will  understand  the  word  without  tlie  act,  and 
obey  readily. 


Xo  I^<earii  Mim  to  Sit  X'p. 

Sit  him  up  in  the  corner,  and  with  a  switch,  hit 
him  lightly  under  the  mouth,  snapping  your  fin- 
ger and  saying  "  sit  up."  As  he  comes  down,  put 
him  ba€k  and  repeat,  until  he  remains,  which  he 
will  do  in  a  few  minutes,  then  say  "  that  will  do,'' 
and  coax  him  down,  and  caress  him.  When  he 
has  learned  this  sufficiently,  set  him  up  against  a 
wall  and  try  the  same  thing.  This  will  require 
more  patience,  as  he  can  so  easily,  get  over  to 
either  side.  When  however,  he  will  do  it,  then 
take  him  out  in  the  centre  of  the  floor;  this  will 
take  still  longer,  but  if  followed  up,  kindly,  and 
perse veriugly,  be  will  learn  to  perform  the  tri(>k 
at  the  word  and  the  snapping  of  the  finger. 


To  Staaid  Up* 

Take  some  food  in  your  hands,  and  offer  it  to 
liim,  holding  it  well  up,  and  say,  '^  stand  up."  Re- 
peat this  until  he  will  stand  up  quite  readily, 
holding  out  your  imoccupied  hand  for  him  to  sup- 
port his  fore-feet  on.  Gradually  take  away  your 
hand,  each  time,  that  he  comes  up,  saying  ''  stand 
up,"    Tlien  take  him.  by  the  forward  feet,  and  lift 


Ill 

liiin  up  quite  hard,  and  say,  ''  stand  up/^  I'ow 
will  soon  get  him  so  that  when  you  lift  him,  ho 
will  straighten  np  and  show  signs  of  standing  ; 
then  make  the  effort  to  learn  him  to  stand  up  at 
tlie  word,  and  the  holding  out  of  your  hand.  You 
may  now  combine  this  with  the  last  trick,  saying, 
'•  sit  ui^/'  ''  stand  up/'  That  T\ill  do.  These  are 
the  first  tricks  he  should  be  taught  as  they  are  the 
formation  for  others. 


To  «et  Into  a  Cliair. 

This  is  easily  done,  taking  your  own  way  to 
coax  him  into  the  chair,  using  the  word  "  chair" 
whenever  you  cause  him  to  get  into  it.     When  he 
becomes  familiar  with  the  word,  accompanied  with 
a  motion  of  the  hand  towards  a  chair,   you  may 
use  other  words  in  connection  therewith,  ''  go  and 
get  into  the  chair."    After  he  will  do  this  hand}% 
you  may  then  learn  liim  to  put  his  paws  upon  the 
back  of  the  chair,  by  asking  him  "  to  put   them 
up,''  or,  saying  up,''  assisting  him  at  first.     ^Vhcn 
he  will  do  it  readily,  you  may  teach  him  to  imt 
his  head  down  upon  his  paws,  by  placing  it  tlieie^ 
and  repeating  the  word  ''  down"  of  course  cai'css 
ing  him  each  time  that  he  complies.    To  ha^c  him 
hold  up  his  head,  tap  him  under  the  mouth  antl 
say,  '*  up"  remembering  to  say  "  that  Avill  do," 
when  you  are  through  the  trick.     You  may  leaiii 
him  to  jump  over  the  chair  by  playluUy  coaxing 
bim  to  do  so,  saying,  jump. 


112 

To  :»Iakc  Him  Go  I^ame. 

Tap  him  with  a  little  rod  upon  the  hind  foot  say- 
ing, "  lame,"  learning  him  to  stand  and  hold  it 
np  whenever  you  say  lame."  Now  coax  him  along, 
and  if  he  i)uts  it  down,  hit  him  quite  smartly  on 
the  foot,  making  him.  keep  it  up  until  he  will  go 
lame,  at  the  word  -and  a  motion  of  the  rod.  Now 
whenever  you  send  him  into  the  chair,  as  before, 
?is  he  goes  to  jump  down  stop  him,  learning  him 
to  wait  for  the  word  "  do,"  as  he  comes  down  with 
his  fore-feet  on  the  floor  say,  "  steady,"  and  learn 
him  to  stop  with  his  hind  legs  uj)  in  the  chair.  He 
is  now  ready.  — 

To  IS.1121  on  lii»For^v«i*<l  l^egs. 

To  learn  him  this,  take  hold  of  his  hind  legs, 
lift  them  up  and  walk  him  around  in  a  circle,  and 
place  them  in  the  chair  saying,  "  round."  Do  this 
every  time  you  perform  the  trick  of  having  him 
get  into  the  chau\  After  a  while  take  him  by  the 
tail  and  lift  him  up,  and  switching  his  hind  legs 
lightly,  walk  him  around  in  the  same  manner, 
saying,  "  round,"  as  before.  With  patiieiice  and 
l)erseverence  he  will  learn  to  lift  up  his  hind  legs 
at  the  motion  of  the  whii^,  and  on  the  words  "  go 
around,"  perform  a  circle,  walli;iiig  on  his  forward 
feet,  and  place  his  hind  feet  in  the  chair;  of  course 
the  height  of  the  chair  must  be  adapted  to  the 
length  of  the  dog's  legs. 


To  Sit  on  a,  Ntool. 

It  is  now  very  easy  to  learn  him  to  *'  sit  down " 
K>n  a  low  stool.    You  mav  then  learn  him  to  ''  take 


1.13 

•a  seat^'  ou  the  stool  by  leading  him  arouud  by  his 
forward  feet,  and  sitting  liim  on  the  stool  with  hts 
forward  feet  held  ui)  saying^  "  seat''  you  then  have 
him  learned  to  go  on  all  fours,  and  sit  down  on  the 
stool,  and  to  go  on  his  hind  feet  and  take  a  sear 
with  his  forward  feet  up. 


To  I^earu  Mliu  to  Fiiiti  Tilings. 

Take  something  with  which  he  is  accustomed 
to  play,  and  after  getting  him  enlivened  with  play, 
call  him  up  to  you  and  blindfold  him,  and  throw 
the  article  a  short  distance  from  you.  If  the  dog- 
has  good  scent,  tell  him  you  have  ^'  lost"  then  re- 
move the  blindfold  and  he  will  search  and  find  it. 
Kepeat  this,  throwing  it  farther  each  time,  until 
you  can  throw  your  knife  or  anything  whicli  you 
liave  held  in  yoiir  hanil,  at  a  distance  you  looking 
in  the  direction  and  saying, "  I  havelost  my  knife." 
He  will  search  unil  he  finds  and  brings  it  to  you. 
If  the  dog  has  not  good  scent,  learn  him  to  look 
down  at  the  word  ^'  find"  and  up  at  the  word  ^-up'^ 
doing  as  before.  We  have  now  given  a  suflicicnt 
number  of  examples  to  set  forth  the  important 
julefi  v>'hich  govern  the  teaching  of  Dogs.  By  an 
ObsersTtUce  of  these,  you  may  teach  your  dog  to 
climb  ladders,  fetch  things  to  you,  carry  baskets, 
loll  over,  lie  down,  shut  doors,  and  an  almost  iu 
numerable  number  of  tricks.  To  teacli  tlie  dog. 
however,  you  must  have  perfect  control  over  youi 
temi^er,  never  wliip  severely,  never  get  out  of  ])a 
Sjence, 


M4 


TURF  CALENDER 


^lora  Temple,  tke  fastest  trotting  liorse  in  thty 
world ;  was  sired  by  One  Eyed  Hunter ;  tlie  pedi 
gree  of  her  dam  is  not  known.  Flora  is  now  twen- 
ty years  old,  18G5  ;  is  owned  by  A.  Welcli,  Esq.y 
of  Chestnut  Hills,  Philadephia  5  her  best  time 
was  made  at  Kalamazoo,  Oetober  15th,  1859,  a  full 
mile  in  2  min.  19  3-4  sec*,  which  is  the  best  time 
ever  made  by  a  trotting  horse.  She  beat  Geo.  M.. 
Patchen,  on  the  Union  Course,  in  2.21  j  she  beat 
Ethan  Allen,  and  mate,  in  2.20  1-2. 

Geo.  M.  Patchen  trotted  under  the  saddle,  on 
Union  Course,  Nov.  21, 1859,  in  2.24. 

Brown  Dick  beat  Patchen  in  2.25  1-4. 

Ethan  Allen  best  time,  single,  was  2.25  1-2 ; 
trotted  with  a  running  mate,  Sept.  5,  1861,  on 
Fashion  Course,  in  2.19  3-4. 

The  fastest  time  on  record,  for  a  three  year.s 
old  was  made  by  Cora  ,  in  2.37  3-4. 

Gen.  Butler's  best  time  was  2.21.  Dexter  beat 
him  three  straight  heats,  on  the  Fashion  Course, 
Sept.  7,  1865 ;  2.26  1-2,  2.24  1-2,  2.22  1-2. 

Toronto  Chief  beat  Vanderbilt,  on  the  Fashion 
Course,  Sept.  9,  1865,  in  2.23,  2.27,  2.27  3-4.  Van 
derbilt  trotted  one  heat  in  2.27  3-4. 


115 

The  fastest  running  time  on  record,  for  a  single 
mile,  was  made  at  Cincinnati,  by  Legal  Tender  in 
1  min.  44  sec.  The  best  time  ever  made  in  Eng- 
land is  1.39,  made  by  Gladiator.  It  is  said  that 
Bay  Middleton  ran  the  same  mile  in  1.30,  but  there 
is  no  record  of  such  time. 

Brown  Dick  made  the  best  time  for  three  mile 
heats,  in  5.28. 

Pocahontas  paced  a  full  mile  in  2.17  1-2,  which 
is  the  best  time  on  record. 

The  greatest  performance  in  double  harness,  on 
record,  a  2.12  gait  to  road  wag^n.  Lady  Palmer 
and  riatbush  Mare,  driven  by  their  owner,  Mr. 
Bonner,  taken  out  of  his  stable  untrained,  to  a 
road  wagon,  in  public,  May  10th,  1862,  one  mile 
in  2.26 ;  May  13th,  two  miles  in  5.01 1-2,  the  second 
quarter  of  the  second  mile  in  33  seconds,  being  a 
2.12  gait  to  a  road  wagon. 

Since  the  TVTiting  of  this  book  Flora  Temple's 
time  has  been  beaten.  Dexter  in  his  great  match 
against  time  on  the  fashion  course,  Oct.  10th,  1865, 
trotted  a  mile  under  saddle,  in  the  unparallelled 
time  of  2.18  1-5, 


116 


STABLE  MANAGEMEKT. 


Tliis  is  a  very  important  part  of  our  subject^ 
even  as  it  regards  tlie  farmer,  altliougli  there  are 
comparatively  few  glaring  errors  in  the  treatment 
of  the  agricultural  horse;  but  it  comes  more  es- 
l)ecially  home  to  the  gentleman,  who  is  too  often, 
and  too  imi)licit]y,  under  the  guidance  of  an  idle, 
ignorant  and  designing  groom.  We  will  arrange 
tlie  most  important  points  of  geuera]  management 
under  the  following  heads: 

*  AIR. 

The  breathing  of  pure  air  is  necessary  to  the 
existence  and  health  of  man  and  beast.  It  is 
comparatively  lately  that  this  has  been  admitted 
es^en  in  the  management  of  our  best  stables.  They 
have  been  close,  hot,  and  foul,  instead  of  airy, 
cool  and  ^vliolesome.  The  stable  should  be  as 
large,  compared  with  the  number  of  horses  that  it 
is  destined  to  contain,  as  circumstances  will  allov,'. 
A  stable  for  six  horses  should  not  be  less  than 
thirty  feet  in  length,  and  thiity  4'oet  Avide,  If 
there  is  no  loft  above,  the  inside  of  the  roof  should 
always  be  plastered  in  order  to  prevent  direct  cur. 
rents  of  air  and  occasional  drojjpings  from  broken 
tiles.  The  heated  and  foul  air  should  esca])e,  and 
cool,  pure  air  be  admitted,  by  elevation  of  the  ceii_ 
tral  tiles;  or  by  large  fjubes  carried  through  the 
roof,  with  caps  a  little  above  them,  to  prevent  the 
beating  in  of  the  rain  ;  or  by  gratings  placed  high 


117 

up  in  the  walls.  These  latter  apertures  should  be 
as  far  above  the  horses  as  they  cau  conveniently 
be  plaecd,  by  which  means  all  injurious  draught 
will  be  prevented.  If  there  is  a  loft  above  the 
stable,  the  ceiling  should  be  plastered,  in  order  to 
prevent  the  foul  air  from  penetrating  to  the  hay 
above,  and  injuring  both  its  taste  and  its  wliole- 
someness  5  and  no  opening  should  be  allowed  above 
the  manger  through  which  the  hay  may  be  thrown 
into  them ;  for  they  will  permit  the  foul  air  to  as- 
cend to  the  i)ro vender,  and  also  in  the  act  of  fill- 
ing the  mangers,  and  while  the  horse  is  eagerly 
gating  ui^ward  for  his  food,  a  grass  seed  may  fall 
into  the  eye,"  and  produce  considerable  inflamation. 
At  other  times,  when  the  careless  gTOom  has  left 
open  the  trai)-door,  a  cold  stream  of  air  beats 
down  on  the  head  of  the  horse.  The  stable  with  a 
loft  over  it  should  never  be  less  than  twelve  feet 
liigh,  and  proper  ventilation  should  be  secured, 
either  by  tubes  carried  through  the  roof,  or  by 
gratings  close  to  the  ceiling.  These  gratings  or 
openings  should  be  enlarged  or  contracted  by 
means  of  a  covering  or  shutting,  so  that  spring, 
summer,  and  autumn,  [the  stable  may  possess 
nearly  the  same  temperature  with  the  ©pen  air, 
<ind  in  winter  a  temj^erature  of  not  more  than  ten 
degrees  above  that  of  the  external  atmosphere. 
A  hot  stable  has,  in  the  mind  of  the  groom,  been 
connected  with  a  glossy  coat.  The  latter  it  is 
thought,  cannot  l)e  obtained  without  the  former. 
To  this  we  reply,  that  in  winter  a  thin  glossy  coat 


118 

is  not  very  desirable.  Mature  gives  to  every 
animal  a  warmer  clothing  when  the  cold  weather 
approaches.  The  horse,  the  agricultural  horse, 
especially,  acquires  a  thicker  and  lengthened 
coat,  in  order  to  defend  him  from  the  surround- 
ing cold.  Man  puts  on  an  additional  and  a 
warmer  covering,  and  his  comfort  is  increased, 
and  his  health  improved  by  it.  He  who  knows 
anything  of  the  farmer's  horse,  [or  cares  about  his 
enjoyment,  will  not  object  to  a  coat  a  little  longer, 
and  a  little  roughened  when  the  wintry  wind  blows 
bleak.  The  coat,  however,  not  to  be  so  long  as  to 
be  unsightlj^,  and  warm  clothing,  even  in  a  eool 
stable,  will  with  plenty  of  honest  grooming,  keep 
the  hair  sufBiciently  smooth  and  glossy  to  satisfy 
the  most  fastidious. 

The  over-heated  air  of  a  close  stable  saves  much 
of  this  grooming,  and  therefore  the  idle  attendant 
unscrupulously  sacrifices  the  health  and  safety  of 
the  horse.  When  we  have  presently  to  treat  of 
the  hair  and  skin  of  the  horse  this  will  be  placed 
in  a  somewhat  different  point  of  view.  If  the 
stable  is  close,  the  air  will  not  onlji  be  hot,  but 
foul.  The  breathing  of  every  animal  contamin- 
ates; and  when,  in  the  course  of  the  night,  with 
every  aperture  stopped,  it  passes  again  and  again 
through  the  lungs,  the  blood  cannot  undergo  its 
proper  and  healthy  change ;  digestion  will  not  be 
so  perfectly  performed,  and  all  the  functions  of 
life  are  injui^ed.  Let  the  owner,  of  a  valuable 
horse,  think  of  his  passing  twenty,  or  tweuty-twci 


11§ 

^otrt  of  tlie  twenty -four  liours,  in  this  debilitating 
;^tmosphere.  Nature  does  wonders  in  enabling 
every  animal  to  accommodate  itself  to  the  situa- 
tion in  wliicli  it  is  placed,  and  the  horse  that  lives 
in  the  stable,  even  suffers  less  from  it,  than  would 
scarcely  be  conceived  possible  j  but  he  does  not, 
;and  cannot  possess  the  power  and  hardihood 
which  he  would  acquire  under  other  circumstances. 
This  ah'  of  the  improperly  close  and  heated  stable 
is  still  further  contaminated  by  the  urine  and 
Klung,  which  rapidly  ferments  there,  and  give  out 
stimulating  and  unwholesome  vapors.  When  a 
person  first  enters  an  ill-managed  stable,  and  es- 
pecially early  in  the  morning,  he  is  annoyed  not 
only  by  the  heat  of  tlie  confined  air,  but  by  a  pun- 
gent smell,  resembling  hartshorn^  and  can  he 
be  suri)rised  at  the  inflamation  of  the  eyes,  and 
the  clironic  cough,  and  the  disease  of  the  lungs, 
by  which  the  animal,  who  has  been  aH  night  shut 
up  in  this  wretched  atmosphere,  is  often  attacked ; 
or  if  the  glanders  and  farcy  should  occasionally 
break  out  in  such  stables !  It  has  been  ascer- 
tained by  chemical  experiment  that  the  urine  of 
the  horse  contains  in  it  an  exceedingly  large  quan- 
tity of  hartshorn  -,  and  not  only  so,  but  that,  in- 
fluenced by  the  heat  of  a  crowded  stable,  and 
possibly  by  other  decompositions  tliiit  are  going 
forward  at  the  same  time,  this  ammonical  vapor 
begins  to  be  rapidly  given  out,  almost  immediate- 
fy  after  the  urine  is  voided.  ^Yllen  disease  be- 
.-gins  to  appear  among  the  inhabitants  of  these  ill- 


120 

Teiitilated  places,  is  it  wonderful  that  itslioiild  rap- 
idly- spread  among  them,  and  that  the  plague-spot 
should  be,  as  it  were,  placed  on  the  door  of  such 
a  stable  ?  When  distemper  appears  in  spring,  or 
autumn,  it  is  in  very  many  cases  to  be  traced  to 
such  a  i^est-house.  It  is  peculiarly  fatal  there. 
The  horses  belonging  to  a  small  establishment, 
rationally  treated,  have  it  comparatively  seldom, 
or  have  it  lightly;  but  among  the  inmates  of  a 
crowded  stable  it  is  sure  to  display  itself,  and  there 
it  is  most  fatal.  The  experience  of  every  veterinary 
surgeon,  and  of  every  large  proprietor  of  horses, 
will  corroborate  this  statement.  Every  stable 
should  i)ossess  within  itself  a  certain  degree  of 
ventilation.  The  cost  of  this  would  be  trifling, 
and  its  saving  in  the  preservation  of  valuable  ani- 
mals may  be  immense.  The  apertures  need  not 
be  large,  and  the  whole  may  be  so  contrived  that 
no  direct  current  of  air  shall  fall  on  the  horse.  A 
genileiiiau-s  stable  should  never  be  without  a  ther- 
momeier.  The  temperature  should  seldom  exceed 
7^)'^  hi  the  summer,  or  sink  below  40^  or  50^  in  the 

LITTER. 

Having  spoken  of  the  vapor  of  hartshorn,  which 
is  so  rapidly  and  so  plentifully  given  out  from  the 
mine  of  the  horse  in  a  heated  stable.  We  next 
i  ake  into  consideration  the  subject  of  litter.  The 
lirst  caution  is  frequently  to  remove  it.  The  early 
extrication  of  gas  shows  the  rapid  putrifaction  of 
iliC  urine ;  and  the  consequence  of  which  will  be 


121 

rapid  putriiartion  of  tlielittertliat  iuis  been  moi8t- 
er.ed  by  it.  Everytliiiig  hastening  to  (lecomi)osi- 
tion  slioukl  be  carefully  removed  wliere  life  and 
liealth  are  to  be  preserved.  The  litter  that  has 
been  much  wetted  or  at  all  softened  by  tiie  uriiK? 
and  is  beginning  to  decay,  should  be  swept  away 
every  morning ;  the  greater  part  of  the  remainder 
may  then  be  piled  under  the  manger ;  a  little  be- 
ing left  to  prevent  the  i^ainful  and  injurions  press- 
ure of  the  feet,  on  the  hard  floor  during  the  day. 
The  soiled  and  soaked  portion  of  that  which  was 
left  should  be  removed  at  night.  In  the  bettei- 
kind  of  stables,  however,  the  stalls  should  be 
completely  emptied  every  morning.  Xo  heap  of 
fermenting  dung  should  be  suifered  to  remain  dur- 
ing the  day,  in  the  corner,  or  in  any  part  of  the 
stable.  AVith  regard  to  this,  the  directions  of  the 
master  should  be  peremptory.  The  stable  should 
be  so  contrived  that  the  urine  shall  quickly  run  otf 
and  the  offensive  and  injurions  vapor  from  the  de- 
composing iiuid  and  the  litter  will  thus  be  materi- 
ally lessened,  but  if  this  is  effected  by  means  of 
gutters,  and  a  descending  floor,  the  descent  must 
be  barely  sufficient  to  cause  the  fluid  to  escape,  as 
if  the  toes  are  kept  higher  than  the  heels,  it  will 
lead  to  lameness,  and  is  also  a  frequent  cause  of 
contraction  of  the^  loot.  Stalls  of  this  kind  cer 
tainly  do  best  for  mares  j  but  for  horses  we  mu<]i 
prefer  those  Avith  a  grating  in  the  center,  and  a 
slight  inclination  of  the  [floor,  on  every  side  to- 
wards tbe  mi<ldle,  and  short  branch  mav  comnui 


122 

nicate  with  a  larger  drain,  by  means  of  which  the 
nrine  may  be  carried  off  to  a  reservoir  outside  the 
.stable.  Traps  are  now  contrived,  and  may  be  pro- 
duced at  a  little  expense,  by  means  of  which  neith- 
er any  offensive  smell  nor  current  of  air  can  pass 
through  the  grating.  Humanity  and  interest  as 
well  as  the  appearance  of  the  stable,  should  induce 
the  proprietor  of  the  horse  to  place  a  moderate 
quantity  of  litter  under  him  during  the  day. 

LIGHT. 

This  neglected  branch  of  stable-management  is 
of  far  more  consequence  than  is  generally  imagin- 
ed 5  and  it  is  particularly  neglected  by  those  tor 
whom  these  treatises  are  principally  designed. 
The  farmer's  stable  is  frequently  destitute  of  any 
glazed  window,  and  has  only  a  shutter,  which  is 
raised  in  warm  weather  and  closed  when  the  weath- 
er becomes  cold.  When  the  horse  is  in  the  stable 
only  during  a  few  hours  in  the  day,  this  is  not  of 
*so  much  consequence,  with  regard  to  horses  of 
slow  work  5  but  to  carriage-horses,  and  hackney's, 
so  far,  at  least,  as  the  eyes  are  concerned,  a  dark 
stable  is  little  less  injurious  than  a  foul  and  heated 
one.  In  order  to  illustrate  this,  reference  may  be 
made  to  the  unpleasant  feeling,  and  the  utter  im- 
possibility of  seeing  distinctly,  when  a  man  sud- 
denly emerges  from  a  dark  place  into  the  full 
blaze  of  day.  The  sensation  of  mingled  pain  and 
giddiness  is  not  soon  forgotten ;  and  some  minutes 
pass  before  the  eye  can  accommodate  itself  to  tlie 
increased  light.    If  this  were  to  happen  every  day, 


123 

or  several  times  in  tlie  daj-,  the  sight  would  be  irre- 
parably injured,  or  i:)ossibly  blindness  would  ensue. 
Can  we  wonder,  then,  that  the  horse,  taken  from 
a  dark  stable  into  a  glow  of  light,  feeling,  proba- 
bly, as  we  should  do  under  similar  circumstances, 
and  unable  for  a  considerable  time  to  see  anything 
around  him  distinctly,  shoukl  become  a  starter  or 
that  the  frequently  repeated  violent  effect  of  sud- 
den light  should  induce  inflamm  ation  of  the  eye  so 
intense  as  to  terminate  in  blindness?  There  is  in- 
deed, no  doubt  that  horses  kept  in  dark  stables  are 
frequently  notorious  starters,  and  that  abominable 
habit  has  been  traced  to  this  course.  If  plenty  of 
lightis  admitted,  the  walls  of  the  stable  and  especi- 
ally that  portion  of  them  Avhich  is  before  the  horse's 
head  must  not  be  of  too  glaring  a  color.  The  color 
of  the  stable  should  depend  on  the  quantity  of 
light.  Where  much  can  be  admitted,  the  walls 
should  be  of  a  gray  hue  when  darkness  would 
otherwise  prevail,  frequent  whitewashing  may  in 
some  degree  dissii)ate  the  gloom.  For  another 
reason,  it  will  be  evident  that  the  stable  should  not 
possess  too  glaring  a  light  5  it  is  the  resting- 
place  of  the  horse.  The  work  of  the  farmei's 
horse,  indeed  is  confined  principally  to  the  day. 
The  hour  of  exertion  having  passed,  the  animal 
returns  to  his  stable  to  feed,  and  to  repose,  and 
the  latter  is  as  necessary  as  the  former  in  order  t(» 
I)repare  him  for  renewed  work.  Something  a])- 
proaching  to  the  dimness  of  twilight  is  requisite 
to  induce  the  animal  to  compose  himself  to  sleep. 


124 

This  lialf-iiglit  more  partwularly  suits  horses  of 
iieavy  work.  In  the  quietness  of  a  dimly-lighted 
stable,  tliey  obtain  retx>se,  and  accumulate  ile«h 
and  fat. 

CIEOOMINCi. 

Of  this  much  need  not  be  said  to  the  agiicultur- 
ist,  since  custom,  and  apparently  without  ill  effect, 
I»as  allotted  so  little  of  the  comb  and  brush  to  the 
farmer's  horse.    The  animal  that  is  worked  all  day, 
and  turned  out  at  night,  rerpiires  little  more  to  be 
done  to  him  than  to  have  the  dirt  brushed  off  his 
limbs.     Eegular  grooming,  by  rciidering  his  skin 
more  sensible  to  the  attraction  of  temi)erature, 
and  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  would  be  pre- 
judicial.    The  horse  that  is  altogether  turned  out, 
needs  no  groonnng.  The  dandruff,  or  scruff,  which 
accumulates  at  the  roots  of  the  hair,  is  a  provision 
of  initure  to  defend  him  from  the  wind  and  the 
cold.     It  is  to  the  stabled  horse,   highly  fed  and 
little  or  irregularly  worj^ed,  tlnit  grooming  is  of  vSO 
iiiuch  consequence.     Good  rubbing  with  the  brush, 
or  the  curry-comb,   opens  tlie  pores  of  the  skin, 
circulates  the  blood  to  the  extremities  of  the  body, 
produces  free  and  healtliy  perspiration,  and  stands 
in  the  room  of  exercise,    ^'"o  horse  will  carry  a  fine 
coat  ^^  itliout  either  unnatural  heat  or  dressing. 
They  both  effect  the  same  purpose;  they  both  in- 
crease the  insensible  perspiration ;  but  the  first 
does  it  at  the  expense  of  health  and  strength, 
while  the  second,  at  tlie  same  time  that  it  produ- 
ces a  qlovr   on  the   skin,  and  a  determination  of 


125 

blood  to  it,  lou.ses  all  the  energies  of  the  fraiiU'. 
It  would  1)0  well  for  the  pro])rietor  of  the  horse  if 
he  were  to  insist  and  see  that  his  orders  are  really 
obeyed,  that  the  fine  coat  in  which  he  and  his 
groom  .so  much  delight,  is  produced  by  hand  rub- 
bing, and  not  by  a  heated  stable  and  thick  cloth- 
ing, and  most  of  all,  not  by  stimulating  or  injii- 
lious  spices.  The  horse  should  be  regularly  dress- 
ed everyday,  in  addition  to  the  grooming  tluit  is 
necessary  after  work. 

When  the  weather  will  permit  the  Jiorse  to  b^ 
taken  out.lie  should  never  be  gi'oomed  in  the  stable , 
u.nless  he  is  an  animal  of  i^eculiar  value  or  placed 
for  a  tiijie  under  peculiar  circumstances.  Wit! i out 
dwelling  cm  the  v^-ant  of  cleanliness,  v\hen  the 
scurf,  and  dust  are  brushed  from  the  horse,  lodge 
in  his  manger,  and  mingle  with  his  food,  experi- 
ence^ teaches,  that  if  the  cold  is  not  too  great  the 
animal  is  braced  an.d  invigorated  to  a  degree  tluit 
cannot  Ix^  attained  in  the  stable,  from  being  dress- 
ed in  the  op»en  air.  There  is  no  necessity,  hov, - 
ever,  for  half  the  punishment  which  many  a  groom 
iniiicts  upon  the  horse  in  the  act  of  dressing;  and 
particularly  (tu  one  whose  skin  is  thin  and  sensi- 
blet  The  curry-com.b  should  at  all  times  be  light- 
ly ap])!ied.  ^Mtli  many  liorses  its  use  may  be  al- 
most dispensed  with  ;  and  even  the  brush  rxced 
not  be  used  very  hard,  on  the  points"  of  the  bris- 
tles so  irregular,  as  they  often  are. 

A  soft  brush,  with  a  little  more  weiglit  oi»thc 
Jmnd  will  l;e  eouallv  effectual.   Odid  a  2cod  deal 


126 

more  pleasant  to  tlie  liorse.  A  hair-clotb,  while 
it  will  seldom  irritate,  and  tease,  Avill  be  almost 
siifiicient  with  horses  that  have  a  thin  skin,  and 
that  have  not  been  neglected.  After  all  it  is  no 
slight  task  to  dress  a  horse  as  it  ought  to  be  done. 
It  occupies  no  little  time,  and  demands  considera- 
ble patience,  as  well  as  dexterity.  It  will  be  rea- 
<lil3^  ascertained  whether  a  horse  has  been  well 
dressed  by  rubbing  him  with  one  of  the  fingers. 
A  greasy  stain  w*ill  detect  the  idleness  of  the 
groom.  Where,  however,  the  horse  is  changing 
his  coat,  both  the  curry-comb  and  brush  should  be 
used  as  lightly  as  possible.  Whoever  would  be 
convinced  of  the  benefit  of  friction  to  the  horse's 
skin,  and  to  the  horse  generally,  needs  only  to  ob- 
serve the  effects  produced  by  well  rubbing  the  legs 
of  a  tired  horse.  While  every  enlargement  sub- 
sides, and  the  painful  stiffness  disapix^ars,  and 
the  legs  attain  their  natural  warmth,  and  become 
fine,  the  animal  is  evidently  and  rapidly  reviving ; 
he  attacks  his  food  with  appetite,  and  then  quiet 
ly  lies  down  to  rest. 

EXERCISE. 

Our  observations  on  this  important  branch  of 
stable-management  must  have  only  a  slight  refer- 
ence to  the  agricultural  horse.  His  work  is  usual- 
ly regular  and  not  exhausting.  He  is  neither  pre- 
disposed to  disease  by  idleness,  nor  worn  out  by  ex- 
cessive exertion.  He,  like  his  master,  has  enough 
to  do  to  keep  him  in  health,  and  not  enough  to 
distress  or  injure  him  j  on  the  contrary,  the  regii- 


127 

larity  of  his  work  prolongs  life  to  in  extent  rarely 
witnessed  in  the  stable  of  the  gentleman.  Our 
remarks  on  exercise,  then,  must  have  a  general 
hearing,  or  have  principal  reference  to  those  per- 
sons who  are  in  middle  stations  of  life,  and  who 
contrive  to  keep  a  horse  for  business  or  pleasure, 
but  cannot  aff3rd  to  maintain  a  servant  for  the  ex- 
press purpose  of  looking  after  it.  The  first  rule 
we  would  lay  down  is  that  every  horse  should 
have  daily  exercise.  The  animal  that,  with  the 
usual  stable  feeding,  stands  idle  for  three  or  four 
days,  as  is  the  case  in  many  establishments,  must 
suffer.  He  is  i)rG-iisi)osod  to  fever,  or  to  grease, 
or,  worst  of  all,  diseases  of  the  feet ;  and  if,  after 
three  or  four  days  of  inactivity,  he  is  lidden  far 
and  fast,  he  is  almost  sure  to  have  inflammation 
of  the  lungs  or  of  the  feet.  A  gentleman's  or  a 
tradesman's  horse  suffers  a  great  deal  more  from 
idleness  than  he  does  from  work.  A  stable-fed 
horse  should  have  two  hoar's  exercise  every  day,, 
if  he  is  to  b3  kept  free  from  disease.  Nothing  of 
extraordinary,  or  even  of  ordinary  labor,  can  be 
effected  on  the  road  or  in  the  field,  without  suffi- 
cient and  regular  exercise.  It  is  this  alone  which 
can  give  energy  to  the  system,  or  develop  the  power 
of  any  animal.  In  training  the  trotter  and  the 
running  horse,  regular  exercise  is  the  most  impc  r- 
tant  of  aU  considerations,  however,  it  may  be  for- 
gotten in  the  usual  management  of  the  stable. 
The  exercised  horse  will  discharge  his  task  and 
sometimes  a  severe  one,  with  ease  and  pleasure ; 


128 

Nvliilc  the  idle  and  neglected  one  will  be  f^uigiieil 
ere  lialf  liis  labor  is  accomplislied,  and,  if  lie  is 
])usiied  a  little  too  for,  dangerous  inflamation  will 
ensue.  How  often,  nevertheless,  does  it  happen, 
that  the  horse  which  has  stood  inactive  in  the  sta- 
l)le  three  or  four  days,  is  ridden  or  driven  thirty- 
or  forty  miles  in  the  co'arse  of  a  single  day  !  This 
rest  is  often  purposely  given  to  prepare  for  extra- 
exertion  : — to  lay  in  a  stock  of  strength  for  the 
])erformance  of  the  task  required  of  him,  and  then 
the  ovrner  is  surprised  and  dissatisfied  if  the  ani- 
hial  becomes  stiffened  or  seriously  ill.  Xothing  is 
so  common,  and  so  preposterous,  as  for  a  person 
to  buy  a  horse  ti'oni  a  dealer's  stable,  where  he 
has  been  idly  fattened  for  sale  for  many  a  daj-, 
and  immediately  to  give  him  a  long  drive,  and  then 
to  complain  bitterly  and  thiidv  he  has  been  impos- 
ed upon,  if  the  animal  is  exhausted,  before  he  ar- 
rives atiiis  destination,  and  is  compelled  to  be  led 
jiome,  suffering  from  violent  inilamnmtion.  liegu- 
jar  and  gradually  increasing  exercise  would  have 
made  the  same  horse  appear  a  treasure  to  his  own- 
er. Exercise  should  be  sonu^vdiat  proportioned 
to  the  age  of  the  horse.  A  young  horse  requires 
11  fore  than  an  old  one.  Kature  has  given  to  young 
animals  of  every  kind  a  disposition  to  activity,  but 
1  he  exercise  must  not  be  violent.  A  great  deal 
depends  upon  the  manner  in  which  it  is  given. 
To  preserve  the:  temper  and  promote  health,  it 
should  be  moderate,  at  least  at  the  l)eginning  and 
the  termination.  The  rapid  trot  or  even  the  gal- 
lop, may  be  resorted  to  in  the  middle  of  the  exer- 
cise, but  the  horse  shoidd  be  brought  in  cool.  There 
are  many  other  points  in  stable-management  we 
would  like  to  mention  but  the  size  ot  our  litth' 
volume  Trill  not  admit  of  it. 


129 


CLOSING  REMARKS. 


Now  dear  reader,  a  word  with  you,  and  we  are 
kloiie.  We  have  endeavored,  in  writing  the  sys- 
tem, to  fully  explain  it,  so  that  none  need  go  as- 
tray 5  but  it  must  be  remembered,  in  handling  wild 
and  vicious  horses,  yon  have  different  divSi^osition.s 
to  contend  against.  Every  one  who  understands 
the  true  philosophy  of  horsemanship,  knows  when 
we  have  a  horse  that  is  high  mettled,  wild,  and 
lively,  we  can  train  him  to  our  will  in  a  very  short 
time,  for  they  are  generally  quick  to  learn,  and  al- 
ways ready  to  obey.  But  there  is  another  kind 
that  are  of  a  stubborn  or  vicious  disposition,  and 
although  they  are  not  wild,  requiring  no  taming 
in  the  sense  that  is  generally  understood,  they  are 
just  as  ignorant  as  a  wild  horse,  if  not  more  »o, 
and  need  to  be  educated  just  as  much.  And  in 
order  to  have  them  obey  quickly,  it  is  necessary 
that  they  should  be  made  to  fear  their  masteis^ 
for  in  order  to  obtain  perfect  obedience  from  any 
horse  we  must  first  have  him  fear  us,  for  our  mot- 
to is,  ''  Fear,  love,  and  obey,"  and  we  must  have 
the  fulfillment  of  the  first  two,  before  we  can  ex- 
pect the  latter;  and  it  is  by  our  philosophy  of 
^'reating  fear,  love,  and  confidence,  that  we  goverM 


13a 

to  our  will  duj  kind  of  a  horse   whatever.     Theii^ 
in  Older  to  take  horses  as  we  find  them,  or  more 
particuhirly  if  they  are  of  a  stubborn  or  muUsh 
disposition — if  he  lays  back  his  ears  as  you  ap- 
proach him,  or  turns  his  heels  to  kick  you— he  has- 
not  the  regard  or  fear  of  man  that  he  should  have 
to  enable  you  to  handle  him   quickly  and  easily.. 
In  such  cases  give  him  a  few  sharp  cuts  with   the 
whip  about  the  legs,  pretty  close  to  tlie  body.     It 
will  crack  keen  as  it  plies  around  his  legs,  and  the 
crack  of  the  whi^)  will  effect  him  as  much  as  the 
stroke.    Beside,  one  sharp  cut  about  the  legs  will 
affect  them  more  than  two  or  three  over  the  back, 
the  skin  or  inner  part  of  the  legs,   or  about  the 
flank,  being  thinner  and  more  tender  than  on  his 
back.  But  we  do  notwhip  him  much— just  enough 
to  scare  him.     It  is  not  because  we  want  to  hurt 
thejiorse  that  we  whi})  him,  we  only  do  it  to  scare 
the  bad  disposition    out  of  him.     But   whatever 
you  do,  do  quickly,  sharply,  and  with  a  good  deal 
of  force,  but  alwa.ys  without  anger.    If  you  are 
going  to  scare  him  at  all,  you  must  do  it  at  once ; 
never  go  into  a  pitched  battle  with  your  horse,  and 
whip  him  until  he  is  mad,  and  will  fight  you.     You 
had  better  not  touch  him  at  all ;  for  you  will  es- 
tablish, instead  of  fear,  and  regard,   ii  feeling  of 
resentmeuit,  hatred,  and  ill-will.     It  will  do  him  no 
good,  but  an  injury,  to  strike  a  blow,  unless  you 
can  scare  him  ;  but  if  you  succeed  in  scaring  him 
you  can  whip  him  without  making  him  mad,   for 
fear  and  anger  never  exist  together  in  the  horse  •. 


131 

and  as  soou  as  one  is  visible,  you  will  find  tliat  the 
other  has  disappeared.  As  soon  as  you  have 
frightened  him  so  that  he  will  stand  up  straight, 
and  pay  some  attention  to  you,  approaeh  him  again 
and  earess  him  a  good  deal  more  than  you  have 
whipped  hini;  then  you  will  excite  two  controll- 
ing passions  of  his  nature — love  and  fear — and 
then  he  will  fear  and  love  you  too,  and  soon  as  he 
learns  what  to  do,  he  will  quickly  obey.  With 
these  remarks  upon  the  principles  of  our  theory, 
we  have  endeavored  to  teach  you  how  to  put  th.em 
in  practice,  and  all  of  the  instructions  written  you 
may  rely  on  as  having  been  proven  practically  by 
our  own  experiments  j  and  knowing  from  expe- 
rience just  what  obstacles  we  have  met  with  in 
handling  bad  horses,  we  have  tried  to  anticipate 
them  for  your  good,  and  assist  you  in  surmount- 
ing them,  by  commencing  witS  the  first  steps  tak- 
en with  tlie  colt,  and  accomi)anying  you  through 
tlie  whole  task  of  breaking'. 


132 


THF.    OLD    KNCiUSH 

iVI J' ij^tei*iou.s;  Iloi-.se  I^^ai-riei'^ 

1>R,  TIDBAI.L,, 

Offers  }iis  valuable  work  on  the  Horse  to 
tlie  citizens  of  this  country — all  comprised  in  this 
one  copy  of  78  recipes.  The  old  Doctor  has  liad 
forty  years  practice  in  the  different  diseases  of 
the  horse,  and  his  success  has  induced  him  to  of- 
:^r  the  result  of  his  experience  to  the  public. 


No.  1.  Vistula  and  Foil  Einl  before  hreakifig. — 
Eowell  from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the  swelling 
with  tape,  wet  the  rowel  with  tincture  can tharides 
every  third  day.  Move  the  rowels  every  morning- 
washing  them  clean  with  soap  and  water.  Leave 
them  in  until  the  swelling  has  gone  dov/n,  then 
(iraw  out,  and  the  cure  is  performed.  Bleed  one 
vaiion  when  the  operation  is  performed. 

]^^o.  2.  Aft^r  Brealcing. — Rowel  from  the  top  of 
the  pipe  down  through  the  pipe,  then  bleed,  and 
aiLnoint  the  rowels  with  Blue  Ointment  every  day 
uatii  it  runs  a  bloody  matter.  This  is  never 
known  to  mW. 

No.  3.  Blue  Oinlment — Take  half  an  ounce  of 
verdigris,  one  ounce  of  blue  vitriol,  four  ounces  of 
ointment  of  rosin,  one  ounce  spirits  of  turpentine. 


i:i3 

I^Tind  all  fiue,  mis:  well  with  one  pound  lard,  and 
it  is  fit  for  use.  Common  rosin  will  do  if  the 
ointment  is  not  convenient- 
No.  4.  The  HoolSy  or  Weal'  Eyes. — Eowel  in 
the  jaw,  or  under  the  eyes,  then  bleed.  Apply  tiie 
eye  lotion  every  third  day,  with  a  feather.  Move 
the  rowels  every  morning.  Leave  them  in  foi" 
fifteen  or  twenty  days )  feed  on  corn. 

No.  5.  Eye  Lotion. — Take  one  pint  of  linseed 
oil,  add  two  ounces  of  gum  camphor,  one  ounce  of 
either.  Shake  it  wtII,  and  it  is  fit  for  use.  This 
cures  all  weak  eyes  that  are  curable. 

No.  6.  Sj^avin  and  Bingicorm  Ointment. — Take 
two  ounces  cantharides,  one  ounce  gum  ophor- 
bonm,  two  ounces  turpentine,  one  ounce  tincture 
of  idoine,  and  three  drachms  corrosive  sublimate. 
Grind  all  fine,  and  mix  with  two  pounds  of  lard. 

No.  7.  Hoof  Bound. — Ha^  e  horse  shod  with 
shoes  narrow  at  the  heel.  Have  them  made  with 
calks  one  inch  long,  fiaring  out  from  bottom  to 
the  top.  Use  the  Hoof  Ointment  every  third 
day. 

No.  8.  Roof  Ointment. — Take  half  a  pound  of 
lard ,  and  foiu^  ounces  rosin.  Heat  them  over  a 
slow  fire  until  molted,  take  the  pot  off  the.  fire,  add 
one  ounce  of  pulverized  verdigris,  stir  well  to  pre- 
vent it  running  over,  AYhen  partly  cool  add  two 
ounces  turpentine.  Apply  it  fi'om  the  hair  down 
one  inch.    Work  tlie  horse  all  the  time. 

No.  9.  Big  Leg. — Apply  the  Liquid  Blister  every 
Ihird  hour  until  it  blisters.     In  three  hours  grease 


134 

the  leg  with  linseed  oil.  In  six  days  wasli  it  clean 
with  soap  and  water.  Repeat  every  six  days  un- 
til the  swelling  goes  down.  If  there  should  be 
any  callous  left,  apply  the  spavin  ointment. 

I^To.  10.  Liquid  Blister. — Take  half  pint  linseed 
oil,  one  pint  spirits  turpentine,  and  four  ounces 
aqua  ammonia ;  shake  well,  and  it  is  fit  for  use. 
Apply  every  third  hour  until  it  blisters. 

Ko.  11.  Hoof  Evil  or  Thrush. — Physic  and  bleed, 
then  poultice  the  foot  with  boiled  turnips.  Re- 
new every  twenty -foiu^  hours,  for  three  times,  then 
apply  the  Blue  Ointment  every  third  day,  merely 
anointing  the  sore  parts.  Wash  clean  before  ap- 
plying.  Keep  the  horse  out  of  the  mud  and  wet. 
This  will  never  fail  to  cure  in  four  or  five  weeks. 

No.  12.  Founder. — Bleed  in  the  neck  until  the 
horse  staggers  or  falls  down.  Turn  up  his  feet, 
and  fill  them  with  boiling  lard.  Give  him  a  phy- 
sic-ball, and  foment  his  legs  with  hot  water  every 
five  or  six  hours.  Give  him  a  mash  of  Scalded 
bran.     This  will  cure  in  twenty -four  hours. 

No.  13.  Lung  Fever. — Symptoms :  The  horse  is 
taken  suddenly  ill,  either  after  being  taken  from 
the  stable,  or  on  returning  to  it.  He  gives  evi- 
dence of  pain  by  looking  around  at  his  side.  He 
never  offers  to  lay  down  j  his  nostrils  are  distend- 
ed ;  he  breathes  hard  ;  his  chest  is  sore,  or  over 
his  lungs ;  he  connot  bear  you  to  press  your  hand 
hard  on  his  chest;  very  dry,  but  cannot  drink. 

Cure. — ^Bleed  three  gallons.  Take  one  ounce 
of  lavender,  two  ounces  spirits  nitre,  half  pint  wa 


135 

ier,  drench  him.  Repeat  every  four  hours  until 
better.  Blanket  him  as  warm  as  possible.  Then 
:api)ly  the  liquid  blister  all  over  the  chest  opposite 
the  lungs  every  third  hour  until  it  blisters.  If  ]ie> 
is  not  better  in  six  hours  repeat  the  bleeding,  and 
inject  with  the  folio  wing  clyster :  half  gallon  warm 
water,  half  pint  linseed  oil,  and  a  small  handful 
salt.    Xever  physic,  or  he  will  die. 

]Sro.  14.  Bupon  Farcy. — Symptoms:  Swelled 
legs,  and  running  sores  on  the  legs. 

CuEE. — Bleed  largely,  then  physic ;  then  give 
clie  following  ball  or  i>ills,  in  forty-eight  hours  aftei' 
the  physic  has  operated.  Take  two  ounces  gen- 
tian, and  four  ounces  of  ginger ;  make  this  in  a 
paste  with  honey  or  molasses.  Divide  it  into  ten 
parts,  "add  to  each  part  ten  grains  arsenic.  Roll  it 
in  paper,  and  give  one  morning  and  evening,  until 
it  physics  or  makes  him  slobber,  then  omit,  and 
give  him  one  ounce  of  laudanum.  Feed  on  green 
or  light  food.  Wash  the  sores  clean,  and  apply 
the  Blue  Ointment  every  other  day.  If  there 
should  be  any  swelling  left  in  the  legs,  api^ly  the 
general  liniment  every  day  or  two. 

No.  15.  Water  Farcy. — Symptoms:  The  horse  is 
dull  and  loses  his  appetite,  and  swells  along  the 
body  or  chest,  and  between  the  fore  legs. 

Cure. — Rowel  in  the  breast  and  along  each  side 
of  chest  as  far  as  the  swelling  goes.  Leave  the 
rowels  in  until  the  swelling  goes  down.  Give  a 
^spoonful  of  cleansing  powders  morning  and  night. 

No.  16.  2^asal  Gle^t,  or  running  at  the  nose,  or  to 


136- 

dry  up  distemxier.— Take  half  a  pound  of  alum, 
half  a  pound  of  rosin,  half  a  pound  of  hlue  vitriol, 
four  ounces  of  ginger,  and  enough  fenugreek  to 
scent ;  grind  all  fine.  Give  the  horse  a  spoonful 
two  or  three  times  a  day.  This  will  cure  all  dis- 
charges or  distempers,  if  not  glanders. 

No.  17.  Chronic  Covr/h. — Take  powdered  squills 
one  ounce,  ginger  two  ounces,  cream  tartar  one 
ounce,  mix  well,  and  give  a  spoonful  each  morning 
and  evening,  in  wet  bran.  This  is  good  after  hard 
riding  or  driving.  It  cures  all  coughs  and  colds, 
and  will  prevent  the  lungs  from  swelling. 

No.  18.  Cleansing  Potvders. — Take  of  ginger  two 
ounces,  four  ounces  fenugreek,  one  ounce  black  an- 
timony, and  two  ounces  rhubarb.  Grind  all  fine, 
mix  it  well,  and  it  is  fit  for  use.  Give  a  large 
spoonful  morning  and  night.  This  is  the  best  con- 
dition powder  ever  used.  It  gives  a  good  ai)petite 
:^nd  fine  coat,. and  life  to  the  animal. 

No.  19.  Fit^. — Symptoms:  The  horse  commences 
Jerking  his  head,  and  falls  down  -,  in  a  short  time 
he  will  get  up,  and  is  apparently  well. 

CuEE. — ^Give  two  ounces  of  the  tincture  of  asa- 
IVetida  every  morning  for  ten  days.  Tie  the  gum  on 
liis  bit,  and  make  him  wear  it  for  six  or  eight  days, 
lie  will  never  have  a  fit  after  the  first  dose. 

No.  20.  Jaundice  Yellow  Water. — Symptoms:. 
The  hair  in  the  mane  and  tail  gets  loose,  the  white 
of  liis  eye  turns  yellow,  and  the  bars  of  his  mouth  ; 
ho  refuses  to  ent,  and  limps  in  his  right  fore  leg. 
lienerallv. 


137 

CusE. — ^Physic,  bufc  never  bleed;  then  everr 
Biorniug  give  him  one  drachm  of  calomel  in  on(^ 
ounce  of  spirits  of  camphor,  for  eight  or  ten  days, 
also  give  him  a  dose  of  the  cleansing  powders  ev- 
ery night..    This  is  a  sure  cure. 

Ino.  21.  NlcMnr/  Balsam. — Take  a  half  pound  of 
fresh  butter,  add  to  this  one  ounce  oil  organum. 
and  half  an  ounce  tincture  of  iodine.  IMix  well. 
and  it  is  fit  for  use.  This  is  used  on  the  tail  after 
nicking,  and  on  bruises,  saddle  galls,  corks,  and 
all  kinds  of  si)raius  and  rheumatism. 

^0.  22.  Thmnyfs^  or  Palpitation  of  the  Heart. — 
Symptoms ,  The  horse  is  almost  exhausted,  breath- 
ing is  very  hard.  The  difference  between  thumps 
and  lung  fever  is  the  distress  of  the  heart,  which 
you  may  hear  flutter  at  a  distance  of  twenty  feet. 

Cure. — ^Bleed  largely,  and  it  will  suddeidy  stop. 
Dissolve  one  drachm  of  nitre  and  a  large  sx^oonfut 
of  salt  in  half  a  pint  of  water.  ]>rench  three  timej> 
every  six  hours.  Do  not  work  the  horse  for  a  week. 

Xo.  23.  Shouldey  Jam,  or  Sweeney. — Eowel  from 
the  top  of  the  shoulder  blade  down,  as  aiiected- 
Put  in  a  few  drops  tincture  cantharides  every  third 
day.  .Move  the  rowels  every  day,  keepnig  them 
clean  with  soap  and  water.  Keep  them  in  from 
twenty  to  thirty  days,  and  the  cure  is  performed. 

Xo.  21.  Stopimge  of  the  Urine. — Sym])toms ;  Fre- 
quent attempts  to  urinate,  looking  round  at  hi.< 
sides,  lying  dov,  n,  rolling  and  stretcliing. 

Cure. — Take  half  a  pound  hops,  three  drachms 
nil  of  camphor,  grind,  and  mix.     Make  this  into 


X 


138 

tlirec  pills.  Give  one  every  day,  witli  a  dieiicli 
made  of  a  small  teaspooiiM  of  saltpetre  and  two 
ounces  of  water.  This  generally  cures. 

No.  25.  Fhysic  Ball. — Take  tvro  ounces  aloes,  one 
ounce  turpentine,  and  an  ounce  of  Hour.  Make  into 
a  paste  witli  a  few  drops  of  w^ater,  wrap  in  a  paper, 
iind  give  with  a  bailing  iron. 

No.  20.  To  Be  move  ]Varts. — Cut  them  out  by  the 
roots,  and  if  they  bleed  much,  dissolve  one  grain 
of  nitrate  of  silver  in  two  ounces  of  water,  bathe, 
and  it  will  stop  immediately.  Tlien  ai)ply  the  blue 
ointment  every  day  until  it  heals. 

No.  27.  Inflammation  of  the  Kidneys. — Symx)toms: 
The  horse  is  vreak  across  the  back,  and  passes 
urine  very  often,  which  is  very  highly  colored. 

CuEE. — ^Bleed  one  gallon,  then  blister  across  the 
kidneys,  and  give  the  following  x>owder:  Two 
ounces  rosin,  one  ounce  of  hellebore,  one  ounce 
gentian.     Mix,  and  ai>ply  the  general  liniment. 

No.  28.  Stifle  Sxyrains. — If  it  has  never  been  out 
of  place,  bleed  two  gallons,  then  physic,  and  bathe 
with  hot  water  every  twenty-four  hours,  and  ap- 
ply the  general  liniment  j  will  cure  all  cases  in  ten 
or  twenty  days.    Never  put  on  a  stiflje  shoe. 

No.  29.  Loss -of  Appetite. — Bleed  half  a  gallon, 
then  give  a  fevr  doses  of  cleansing  powders;  if  he 
lacks  life,  then  give  him  a  few  drops  of  the  restor- 
ative liquid. 

No.  30.  Jxcsiorative  Liquid. — This  will  give  life  to 
all  that  is  not  dead.  Take  oil  of  cloves  one  ounce, 
oil  of  anise  one  ounce,  tincture  cantharides  one 


139 

ounce,  tincture  asafoetida  two  ounces,  oil  o1'  ros<'- 
uiary  one  ounce  j  sluike  well  and  it  is  lit  for  use  ; 
give  ten  or  fifteen  drops  in  a  bucket  of  water. 

^o.  31.  Hoof  Liquid. — This  is  for  contra(!ted  feet 
or  bruises  in  tbe  soles  of  the  feet,  or  after  joint 
sprains  :  take  four  ounces  oil  of  spike,  four  ounces 
spirits  turpentine,  and  J  pint  linseed  oil  j  shake 
well,  and  apply  over  the  crust  of  the  foot  e\'er\ 
day.  This  will  remove  fever  and  soreness  of  tlie 
foot,  and  hoof  bound,  but  the  ointment  is  best. 

Xq.  32.  General  Liniment. — Take  half  a  i)int  lin- 
seed oil,  half  pint  turi)entiue,  oil  of  origanum  four 
ounces;  shake  well,  and  it  is  fit  for  use.  This  is 
for  all  sprains  and  a  general  liniment.  It  is  used 
in  the  different  diseases  spoken  of. 

Xo.  33.  ^<ore  Mouth  or  Tongue. — First  take  his 
grain  from  him,  then  half  an  ounce  of  alum,  t^^<) 
drachms  sugar  of  lead,  one  pint  vinegar,  and  a 
half  gallon  of  water,  open  the  mouth  and  swab  it 
out  with  this  every  morning  and  night.  This  will 
cure  in  all  cases  in  five  or  six  days. 

Xo.  3-4.  Mange. — Symptoms:  The  liair  will  rub 
off,  and  the  skin  break  out  in  scabs. 

CrRE. — Physic  and  bleed,  for  this  is  a  huinor  iti 
the  blood,  then  make  the  following  ointment,  and 
grease  well  every  day  wherever  he  is  aft'ected  for 
three  or  four  tlays,  and  let  him  stand  in  the  sun. 
For  killing  lice  take  half  pound  of  sulphur,  two 
ounces  spirits  turpentine,  and  mix  well  with  threti 
pounds  of  lard;  do  not  let  him  get  wet ;  give  a 
few  doses  of  the  cleansing  powders. 


140 

3vo.  35.  Jo  >SYo^>  Mood-^li  you  can  get  hold  of 
lite  artery  or  vein,  tie  it  np.  ]f  not,  take  tlie  fol- 
lowing: ten  gTains  of  nitrate  of  silver  and  four 
ounces  of  watei,  apply  it  to  the  wonnd,  and  it  will 
stop  immediately.  Apply  this  to  warts  after  cut- 
ting them  out. 

jS^o.  .'36. — Chest Iwunder. — Symptoms:  isot  unlike 
lung  fever;  Ihe  horse  is  st^l!*,  Imt  has  no  fever  in 
Ins  feet,  very  sore  in  his  chest,  inclines  to  stand 
very  vride  with  liis  fore  legs. 

CiTEE. — Bleed,  physic,  and  rowel  in  the  breast, 
then  commence  bathing  his  breast  and  chest  with 
iLot  water  every  six  houis,  and  blanket  him  -,  this 
will  cuie,  if  not  of  too  long  standing. 

Xo.  37.  MeJcmders  is  a  disease  of  the  feet  and 
pasterns.  It  commences  after  the  grease  heals* 
Symj^toms :  The  hair  stands  out. 

CuEE. — Apply  the  spavin  ointment  every  six 
days  for  two  or  three  times,  it  will  run  the  callous 
oif,  their  apply  the  blue  ointment  until  well. 

Xo.  38.  JSoaj)  lAniment,  for  si)rains  and  swellings. 
Take  J  gallon  of  alcohol,  one  pint  soft  soap,  four 
ounces  spirits  of  camphor,  and  four  ounces  spirits 
tuipentine,  stir  over  a  slow  fire.  This  is  cheap, 
and  good  when  you  cannot  get  the  general  liniment. 

Ko.  39.  OpcdeJdoc. — Take  J  a  gallon  of  alcohol, 
two  ounces  gum  cami)hor,  and  J  an  ounce  of  rose- 
inai'y.  Heat  this  l)y  setting  a  jar  or  pot  on  the 
stove.  Take  pure  Castile  soap,  shave  it  tliin,  and 
pnt  in  as  long  as  the  liquid  will  eat  it.  This  is  sure. 

No.  '10.  Jserre  and  Bone  (Jinimeni. — To  one  quart 


Ul 

clarified  uoa-ts  foot  oil,  add  two  ounces  oil  tiirpeu- 
tiuo,  four  ouuces  oil  origanum,  and  one  pint  alco- 
liol ;  shake  it,  clean  with  red  sanders,  and  strain  it. 

Xo.  41.  Lock  Jaw. — Uleed  largely,  and  apply 
chloroform  to  the  nose  until  the  jaws  tly  open,  put 
a  gag  into  the  mouth,  and  give  two  ouuces  tiiict. 
asafcBtida  every  six  liours,  and  a  dose  of  physic. 
This  will  cure  if  there  is  any  cure. 

Xo.  42.  ReavG  Powders  to  Trade  on. — Half  a 
pound  of  Spanish  brown,  and  half  a  pound  of  gin- 
ger ;  give  a  teaspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Ko,  43.  Gravel  in  the  Foot. — If  it  is  of  long  stand- 
ing, poultice  the  foot  with  boiled  turnips,  or  any 
other  drawing  poultice,  until  it  dravrs,  then  dress 
with  blue  ointment  a  few  times.  If  there  is  much 
fever  apply  the  hoof  liquid  for  a  tew  times. 

IsTo.  44.  I?i  McMngy  if  much  swelling  follows, 
bleed,  and  use  the  nicking  balsam  every  other  day 
on  the  root  of  the  tail.  Xever  apply  watei  to  tht« 
tail.  Let  it  stay  up  four  vreeksj  let  the  blood  dry, 
and  rub  it  off,  then  dock,  and  put  in  the  piuley?; 
live  or  six  days. 

No.  45.  Cure  for  CgUc. — Take  two  ouuces  sweet 
oil,  two  ounces  laudanum,  one  pint  warm  water, 
and  (.Trench.     It  never  fails  while  there  is  life. 

2^0.  4G.  Bifj  Head. — One  ounce  oil  origanum,  tw(t 
ounces  sweet  oil,  tvv^o  ounces  aqua  ammonia,  two 
ounces  tincfiu'e  cantharides,  two  ounces  spirits  tur- 
pentine, and  one  ounce  oil  rosemary.  Give  one 
spoonful  saltpetre  ever}'- third  day;  rub  tlie  mix- 
tui*e  in  twice  a  day. 


142 

Ko.  47.  BoU. — As  mucli  red  precipitate  as  will 
lie  ou  a  ten  cent  i)iece  -,  mix  with  clongli,aiid  make 
into  a  pill.  If  oue  don't  relieve,  repeat  in  an  lioiir. 

Fo.  48.  Gravel. — Steep  lialf  a  pound  of  liops  in 
a  quart  of  hot  water,  give  it  as  hot  as  the  horse 
can  stand  it. 

No.  49. — To  Remove  the  Scum  from  the  Bye  in 
Twenty-four  Hours. — Take  five  cents  worth  of  pul- 
verized lunar  caustic,  and  mix  well  v^ith  one 
ounce  of  lard,  and  it  is  fft  for  use. 

No.  50.  Wealc  Eyes. — One  spoonM  of  honey, 
two  spoonfuls  fresh  butter,  one  spoonful  black  x>ep- 
l>er,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg.  Stew  it  for  fifteen 
minutes  over  a  slow  fire,  and  strain  through  a 
vvoollen  cloth.    Ai)ply  in  and  above  the  eye. 

No.  51.  ^Younds. — One  quart  cf  alcohol,  one 
ounce  cayenne  i)epper,  one  pint  spirits  turpentine. 
Shake  well,  and  it  is  fit  lor  use. 

No.  52-  Scratches. — Two  ounces  Castile  soat>,two 
ounces  rosin,  one  ounce  lard,  two  ounces  copperas, 
and  white  of  an  egg ;  stew  it  for  fifteen  minutes, 
and  it  is  fit  for  use.  Bind  it  on  the  part  for  24 
hours,  then  wash  it  well,  and  tl>e  cure  is  performed. 

No.  53.  Sweating  Liniment. — Take  the  yolks  of 
six  dozen  eggs,  and  one  pint  of  salt ;  beat  them 
together  until  it  forms  a  paste  j  rub  the  affected 
part  well  with  the  paste,  leaving  it  from  four  to 
six  hours ;  wash  it  off  with  strong  salt  and  water, 
as  hot  as  you  can  i)ut  it  on.  Then  blanliet  it  well 
'  for  ten  hours.  It  cures  all  sprains. 
N.        No.  54.  Dope  to  Trade  on. — One  ounce  of  black 


^^3 

antimony,  iiiixed  witli  au  ounce  orcanlliarides.  A 
small  spoonful  twice  a  da^^  will  fatten  a  horse  \n 
ten  (lays  to  trade  on. 

No.  uo.  ToBemove  Callousness  hy  Ahsorptlon  in  a 
shorter  time  than  by  liniment.  One  ounce  of  alco- 
hol, and  one  ounce  of  xndverized  sal  ammonia  ; 
bathe  the  leg  every  two  hom\s;  bind  the  leg  vvith 
straw  bands  from  the  hoof  to  tho  topof  the  callous, 
till  a  sponge  with  the  liquid^  aud^  place  it  on  for 
twenty -four  hours ;  for  spavin,  add  to  this  liquid 
half  an  ounce  of  cantharides. 

Ko.  oG.  Fistula  after  hreaking. — Take  lye  fron^ 
the  small  black  hickory  and-the  roots  of  the  prick- 
ly ash,  burnt  together  j  boil  down  to  potash  j  put 
a  small  portion  into  the  hole,  and  let  it  remain  f®ur 
or  five  days ;  remove  it,  and  put  in  about  twenty 
d!»Dps  of  aqua  fortis. 

No.  57.  ^alve  to  heal  irounds. — Take  a  piece  oi 
polk  root  about  the  size  of  an  egg^  and  two  Indian 
turnips  ground  fiue^  and  stew  one  minute  witli  a 
pound  of  iard.     Put  it  on  every  third  day. 

No.  58.  Fistula  and  Foil  Evil  before  breaking  or 
matter  is  formed. — Two  ounces  oil  of  turpentine, 
two  ounces  A^enice  turpentine,  tvro  ounces  golden 
tincture,  one  ounce  oil  origanum,  and  half  a  pint 
alcohol ;  mix  well,  and  apply  every  twenty-four 
hours  for  three  times. 

No.  5t).  Heaves.-— Take  one  quart  sweet  milk,  add 
one  tablespoonfal  oil  of  vitriol ;  take  four  quarts  ot 
mash  feed,  wet  the  same  Avith  one  half  the  pre- 
scription ;  next  day  give  the  balance.  In  one 
week  repeat  the  prescription  ;  so  on  for  six  weeks r 


144 

Xo.  GO.  For  Curhs, — Take  benoidide  of  mercury 
i:hree  draclims,  laixl  Wo  ounces,  mix  it  well;  clip 
The  iiair  close,  just  tlie  size  of  the  enlargement, 
I'ub  the  ointment  on  with  the  finger.  In  tliree  or 
lour  days  the  matter  which  oozes  from  the  enlarge* 
ment  will  form  a  thick  scab ;  soften  with  treshlard 
and  i>ick  it  off ;  rub  dry  with  the  hand,  and  apply 
as  above.  Five  or  six  apx)lications  Avill  remove  any 
curb.     For  splints  apply  in  the  same  manner. 

^o.  Gl.  2[u(l  Fever  and  Craclced  Keels. — Take 
equal  parts  lard,  gunpowder,  and  glass;  jmlverize 
the  glass  and  powder  as  fine  as  flour,  and  make 
into  an  ointment ;  wash  the  diseased  parts  with 
Castile  soap  and  soft  water ;  rub  dry,  and  apply 
the  ointment  once  a  day  till  cured, 

Xo.  (>2.  InfaUibJe  cure  for  Bin  glonc  and  t^ixmtu 

Li<)iucl  Aiuiuoiiia 1  oz.,  9l};. 

Rod  Profipitatc 1  oz.,  Stii. 

V»  hito  Pino  Tuipcntiuc, J  oz.,  3)'(!. 

Hjiauis^li  Flics, 1  oz.,  7t]-.. 

Oriftaiium  Oil, 1  oz.,  Grh. 

Iodine, 2  dracljins,  5tl.\ 

Corrosive  SiiWiniate, 2  drachms,  -itb. 

Strong  Mercurial  OiBtment, 3.i  oz.,  1  ^^t. 

Lard'3^oz.,  lioney  f  lb.,   gum  foibium,   1  oz.,    x.'d. 

The  reader  asks  why  this  recipe  is  written  i)i 
iiucli  a. form.  It  is  prepared  just  as  Avritten  :  9th  is 
first  placed  in  the  mortar ;  8th  is  next,  and  well 
mixed  with  9th  ;  3d  is  then  thoroughly  mixed  witli 
Sth  and  9tli.  Thus  each  article  is  applied  separate 
ly,  and  thoroughly  mixed.  7tli  is  the  next,  and  st) 
on  until  your  ointment  is  finished.  This  is  the  best 
spavin  and  ringbone  ointment  known.  Clip  the 
liair,  and  apply  the  same  as  for  curbs;  lem.ovethe 


145 

scale  with  lard,  and  wash  with  Castile  soap  au'd 
«oft  wat<3r.  Eub  dry,  and  apply  again. 

No.  63.  Physic  Ball  for  Horses. — Cape  aloes  from 
six  to  ten  drachms,  Castile  soai)  one  drachm,  sph^- 
its  of  wine  one  drachm,  syrup  to  form  the  ball.  If 
mercurial  physic  be  wanted,  add  from  one-half  a 
drachm  to  one  drachm  of  calomel.  Previous  to 
physicing  a  horse,  and  during*  its  operation,  he 
should  be  fed  on  bran  mashes,  allowed  plenty  of 
chilled  water,  and  have  exercise.  Physic  is  always 
useful ;  it  is  necessary  to  be  administered  in  al- 
most every  disease.  It  improves  digestion,  and 
gives  strength  to  the  lacteals  by  cleansing  the  in- 
testines and  unloading  the  liver :  and,  if  the  ani- 
mal is  afterwards  properly  fed,  will  improve  his 
strength  and  condition  in  a  remarkable  degree. 
Ph^ic,  except  in  urgent  cases,  should  be  given  in 
the  morning,  and  on  an  empty  stomach ;  and  if  re- 
quired to  be  repeated,  a  week  should  intervene  be- 
tween each  dose.  Before  giving  a  horse  aball, see 
that  it  is  not  too  hard,  or  too  large.  Cattle  medi- 
cine is  always  given  as  a  drench. 

No.   64.    Physic  for  Cattle. — Cape  aloes,    four 
drachms  to  one  ounce.     Epsom  salts,  four  to  six 
ounces,  powdered  ginger  three  drachms.  Mix,  and 
give  in  a  quart  of  gruel.  For  calves,  one-third  of - 
this  will  be  a  dose. 

No.  65.  Tonic  for  Horses  and  Cattle. — Sulphate 
of  .copper  one  ounce  to  twelve  drachms,  white  su- 
gar J  ounce.  Mix,  and  divide  into  eight  powders, 
And  give  one  or  two  daily  in  the  animaPs  food. 


14€ 

^0.  C6.  (jordialfor  Horses  mid  Cattle. — Powder- 
ed opium  one  draclim,  ginger  powdered  two 
drachms,  allspice  powdered  tliree  draclims,  cara- 
way seeds  powdered  four  draclims.  Make  into  a 
ball  with  molasses,  or  give  as  a  drench  in  gruel. 
For  Gripes  and  Hove  in  Cattle^  add  to  the  above  a 
teacupM  of  spirits  or  oil ;  and  repeat  every  two 
hours  until  the  animal  is  found  to  be  relieved. 

Ko.  67.  Diuretic  Ball. — Hard  soap  and  common 
turpentine  each  four  drachms,  oil  of  juniper  twen 
ty  drops,  powdered  rosin  to  form  the  ball.  For 
Hrojysy,  Water  Farcy,  Brolcen  Wind,  or  Fehrile  Dis- 
eases, add  to  the  above  allspice  and  ginger,  of  each 
two  drachms.  Make  four  balls,  and  give  one  morn- 
ing and  evening. 

]N"o.  QS.  Diuretic  Powder. — Powdered  rosin  and 
nitre  each  four  ounces ;  mix,  and  di\ade  into  12 
parts;  give  one  daily. 

No.  69.'  Alterative  or  Condition  Powders. — Eosin 
and  nitre  each  two  ounces,  levigated  antimony  one 
ounce.  Mix  for  eight  or  ten  doses,  and  give  one  at 
night  and  morning.  When  this  is  to  be  given  to 
cattle,  add  glauber  salts  one  pound. 

No.  70.  Fever  Ball. — Oape  aloes  two  ounces,  ni- 
tre four  ounces,  molasses  to  form  a  mass.  Divide 
into  12  balls,  and  give  one  morning  and  evening, 
till  the  bowels  are  relaxed ;  then  give  No.  6S  or  72. 

No.  71.  Sedative  and  Worm  Ball. — Powdered 
white  hellebore  one-half  drachm,  linseed  powdereti 
one-half  ounce.  If  necessary,  make  into  a  ball 
with  molasses.  This  ball  is  specific  for  weed,  in 
korses  and  cattle. 


U7 

No.  72.  Anodyne  Ball. — Opium  one  drachm.^ 
<!ainplior  2  di-achms,  ginger  powder  one  and  a  half 
drachms;  molasses  to  form  a  ball.  Give  night 
and  morning  after  the  bowels  are  opened,  in  te- 
tanus, or  lodgaw.  With  the  addition  of  powder- 
ed catechu  two  drachms,  this  forms  an  excellent 
cure  for  diarrhoea,  or  purging. 

2s  0.  73.  Cordial  Astringent  Drench,  for  Diarrhoea, 
Purying,  or  Scouring. — Tinctm^e  of  oi)ium  one-half 
ounce,  allspice  two  and  a  half  drachms,  powdered 
caraways  one-half  ounce;  catechu  powders  two 
drachms,  strong  ale  or  gruel  one  pint.  Give  every 
morning  till  the  purging  ceases.  For  this  will 
make  four  doses. 

,  Xo.  74.  Blister  Ointment. — Hog's  lard  four  ounces, 
oil  of  turpentine  and  Spanish  flies, '  each  1  ounce ; 
«iix.  This  ointment  is  strong  enough  for  every 
purpose. 

Xo.  75.  Boicder  of  Angleberries. — After  cutting" 
them  off,  when  they  exist  in  clusters,  sprinkle  them 
daily  with  equal  parts  of  muriate  of  ammonia  and 
i:>owdered  savin. 

No.  76.  Fever  Powder  for  Rorses, — Nitre  from  ^ 
ounce  to  1  ounce,  camphor  and  tartar  emetic  each 
from  one  to  two  drachms ;  powder  and  mix.  T» 
lye  used  after  the  bowels  have  been  opened. 

No.  77.  Astringent  Ball  for  Horses. — Opium  liom 
one-half  to  one  di'achm,  ginger  1  J  diachms,  pre- 
pared chalk  three  drachms,  flour  two  drachms. 
Powder  and  make  it  into  a  ball  with  molasse«. 

No.  78.  Stomachic  Purgative  Ball,  for  thin,  ill- 


T4:s 

conditioned  Morses. — ^Vloeii  1  ^  ounce,  rhubarb  twct* 
clracliams,  calomel  one  draclim,  ginger  1 A  dracliinfc;, 
oil  caraway  ten  drops,  Castile  soap  two  dracliniH ; 
molasses  sufficient  to  make  it  into  a  ball. 

E'o.  79.  For  Fermenting  Swollen  or  Stocked  Legs. — 
Procure  one  pound  of  smartweed^  place  tlie  same 
in  an  eight  gallon  kettle — add  four  gallons  of  soft- 
water,  place  over  a  slow  fire  and  boil  down  to 
two  gallons,  strain  the  solution  into  another  iron 
or  tin  vessel,  get  one  pound  of  alum,  place  in  a 
mortar  and  pulverize  "fine,  sift  the  alum  into  the 
liquid,  again  place  over  the  fire  and  stir  until  w^ell 
dissolved.  Now  wind  the  limb  tight  with  a  hay 
rope,  pour  one  pint  of  the  solution  in  at  the  top 
of  the  bandage  when  blood  warm,  I'epeat  every 
hour  for  forty-eight  hours.  This  is  the  best  fer- 
mentation used  it  will  remove  all  inflamation  and 
swelling  in  two  days.  If  there  is  a  cut  or  wound 
after  fermenting,  apply  blue  ointment  ^o.  3  until 
healed.  In  case  of  strain  or  bruise,  apply  the  gen 
eral  linement  ^o.  32. 

Ko.  80.  For  Distemper. — Oil  of  origanum  one 
ounce,  oil  cedar  one  ounce,  tincture  cantharides 
one  ounce.  Olive  oil  four  ounces.  Shake  well 
and  bathe  the  throat  and  glands  morning  and  eve- 
ning for  six  days,  rub  in  well  with  the  hand,  he 
Avill  throw  out  freely  and  the  cure  is  performed, 

iSTo.  81.  To  Remove  Splint — Croton  oil  half  an. 
ounce,  quick  silver  one  drachm,  clip  the  hair  close, 
ttie  size  of  the  enlargement.  Shake  the  bottle 
wpU  or  it  will  not  mix,  (the  quicksilver  being  so 


140 

mtich  heavier  than  the  oil,)  immecliately  after  the 
bottle  is  well  shaken  take  two  or  three  drops  on 
the  ends  of  your  fingers  and  rub  on  the  point  of 
the  enlargement,  be  careful  of  getting  it  on  the 
other  parts  of  the  leg  for  you  must  remember  it  is 
one  of  the  most  powerful  blisters  known,  in  six  or 
eight  days  after  applying  it  to  the  enlargement, 
wash  off  ^yith  castile  soap  and  warm  water,  do  not 
pick  the  bunch  off,  let  it  loosen  and  work  off  grad- 
ually— after  it  comes  out  apply  the  blue  ointment 
once  a  day  until  healed. 

No.  82.  For  Worms  in  Horses. — Take  ten  grains 
of  arsenic,  place  in  a  short  ounce  vial  with  mouth- 
piece large,  take  on  the  point  of  your  pocket  knife 
about  as  much  as  would  lay  on  half  of  a  three 
cent  piece  and  mix  in  two  quarts  of  dampened 
shorts,  in  two  or  thiee  days,  repeat  the  same,  and 
so  on,  for  ten  or  twehe  days,  this  recipe  will  ef- 
fectually destroy  all  worms  in  horses. 

^o.  83.  The  hest  Spavin  Preparation  Known. — 
Spirits  turpentine,  half  ounce,  oil  origanum  half 
ounce,  citric  acid,  half  ounce,  oil  wormwood  half 
ounce,  Spanish  fly  to  thicken,  clip  the  hair,  scarify 
and  apply  about  the  thickness  of  a  piece  of  note 
paper,  let  it  remain  without  touching  untU  it  stops 
running,  then  carefully  wash  with  soft  water  and 
soap,  let  the  horse  remain  idle  for  four  weeks. 

No.  8tl.  For  the  Eye. — Calomel  three  scruples, 
olive  oil  one  ounce.  BoUadonia  three  scruples, 
bathe  with  an  eye  brush  or  feather  once  a  day  un- 
til cured. 


loO 

85.  For  Wind{jaUs  and  JSoft Puffs. — Oil  origanum 
four  ounces,  oil  hemlock,  one  ounce  ;  oil  lavender, 
one  ounce,  oil  wormwood,  two  ounces,  oil  spike,* 
one  ounce,  sweet  oil  eight  ounce^  apply  to  parts 
effected  morning  and  evening,  and  rub  well  with 
the  hand. 

86.  For  Thrush. — Poultice  the  foot  vrith  turnip 
poultice  for  twelve  hours,  wash  clean  with  warm 
water,  then  with  a  stiff  feather  apply  iodine  forte 
around  the  frog  once  a  day  for  three  or  four  days, 
after  which  appl;^:sT)irits  of  salts  two  or  tliree  times. 
In  one  week  the  cure  is  performed. 

87.  Hoof  Hot. — Get  a  strong  solution  of  white 
oak  bark  then  add  equal  parts  of  tobacco  and  gun- 
l^owder,  let  it  stand  until  you  get  the  strength, 
bathe  the  foot  night  and  morning  for  ten  days ; 
then  apply  the  hoof  ointment  to  grow  them  out. 

88.  Heave  Ecmedy. — Balsam  of  fir  and  balsam 
of  copeiva  ecjual  portions,  add  calomel  and  niag- 
nesia  equal  parts  to  thicken,  make  into  rolls  the 
size  of  yolk  to  an  i'gg,  giA'c  t^^•ice  a  day  morninj*- 
and  evenins,. 


ir>i 


T£il>le  or  Oontei^ts- 


To  Piu'chasers. 
Preface. 

History  of  Celebrated  liorf«08 
trained  and  exhibited  by  York 
&  Williams. 

Morgan  Tiger. 

Alarm. 

Oen.  Mae. 

Toimg  Columbus. 

Also,  Mis-statements  Corrected 
by  C.  H.  C.  William.s. 

General  l\emarks. 

First  St(^i>  to  be  taken  witli  a 
Wild  Coif. 

How  to  Halter-break  a  Colt. 

HoAv  to  Hitch  u  Colt  in  the  Stall 
the  tirst  time. 

Hajidling  the  Colt'.s  Feet. 

Ho^v  to  Eide  a  Colt. 

Bitting  the  Colt. 

To  get  the  Colt  used  to  the  Bit. 

Harnessing  the  Colt  the  First 
Time. 

Hitchiiig  him  to  "Wagon  the 
First  Time. 

Hitching  the  Oftlt  in  Single  Har- 
ness to  Wagon,  First  Time. 

Learning  the  Colt  to  Back. 

Subduing  the  Colt. 

How  to  Subdue  Vicious  Horses. 

Dimensions  and  Use  of  Siu-ein- 
gle. 

Castrating. 

How  to  drive  runaway  horses. 

How  to  DriTe-ii  Kicking  Horse. 

Another  plan  tor  driving  a  Kick- 
er in  Harness. 

How  to  break  a  kicker  in  double 
Harness. 

How  to  use  a  Balkv  Horse. 

How  to  Break  a  Halter  Puller. 

Another  and  Better  Plan  for 
Breaking  a  Halter  Puller. 

A  Runaway,  Bolting,  or  Plung- 
ing Horse. 

Pawing  in  the  Stable. 


Kicking  in  the^Stall. " 

Bad  Biters. 

Bad  to  ifarness,  or  CrrooiM. 

Kolling  in  the  Stall. 

Oettiiig  Cast  in  tln->  Stall. 

Driving  on  one  Ecin. 

Hard  I'ullors. 

Carrying  Tonglie  Over  Bit,  and 
Out  of  Mouth. 

How  to  shoe  a  Horse  that  is  Vi- 
cious. 

For  Teachuig  a  horse  to  back,  or 
a  Horse  that  is  in  the  habit  of 
Bolting. 

The  Plan  for  a  Breachy  Horse. 

How  to  Catch  a  Horse  in  Pasture 

On  Shoeing. 

Clips.  • 

The  Hind  Shoe. 

To  Prevent  Over-reaching  or 
Clicking. 

Interferiug  with  the  Hind  feet. 

Interfering  with  the  Forward 
feet. 

The  bar  shoe. 

Shoeing  the  trotting  horse. 

Quarter  Cracks. 
Teaching  tricks. 
To  come  at  the    crack  of  th« 

whip,  or  word  of  command. 
To  make  a  bow. 
To  say  No. 
To  Lie  Down. 
To  Sit  Up. 

To  teach  a  Horse  to  kiss  You. 
To  shake  Hands. 
How  to  tell  a  horse's  age. 
Jockey  Tricks. 
Ti'aiuing  Steers. 
Training  Dogs. 

Training  the  Shephevdto  Driye. 
The  Watch  Dog. 
The  Trick  Dog. 
The  First  step  with  the  te^itk 

Dog. 
To  learn  him  to  sit  dow». 


irjn 


I'u  iiMiti'u  blui  fo  make  u  bow. 

To  learn  him  to  tind  tlaug». 

'To  ait  up. 

Turf  Calender. 

To  dtaud  up. 

Stable  Mahagemeut. 

lo  get  into"  a  chair. 

Closing  Remarks. 

To  make  him  go  la/).<  . 
To  run  on  his  forward  legs 

The  old   English  horsd  Fairlor 

Dr.Tidball. 

To  sit  on  iX  stool. 

Recipea. 

RECIPE^. 

1.  Vistula  and  Poll  Evil  before 

44.  Nicking. 

hreakiug. 

45.  Cure  for  Colic. 

'J.  After  breaking. 

46.  Big  Head. 

3.  Blue  Ointment. 

47.  Botts. 

-i.  Hooks,  or  Weak  Eye^j. 

4«.  Gravel. 

5.  Eye  Lotion. 

♦9.  To  Remove  Scum  from  Eve 

6.  S}>avin  «fe  Eing"worm  Oiatm't 

.3.3.  Weak  Eves. 

7   Hoof  Boinid. 

51.  Wounds'.' 

8.  Hoof  Oiutment. 

52.  Scratches. 

9.  BiiT  Lee. 

53.  Sweating  Linimeni.. 

ii).  Liquid  151ister. 

5i..  Dope  to  Trade  On. 

11.  Hoof  Evil,  or  Thrush. 

55.  To  Remove  Calious^esa. 

J:.!.  Founr-r, 

56.  Fistula  after  Breaking. 

'•-.  A.\u^   'j     rcr. 

57.  Salve 'to  Heal  Woifada. 

14.  Bi.tii':i  V.acy. 

58,  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil. 

15.  ^Vat!■l■  i'arcY. 

59.  Heaves, 

IG.  NfsalGleety 

60.  For  Curbs. 

17.  Chronic  Cough. 

61.  Mud  Fever  &  cracked  heeli. 

18.  Cleansing  Powdero. 

Bj.  Cure  ibr  Ringbone  &  Soavin 

19.  Pits. 

63.  Physic  Balls. 

20.  Jaundice  Yellow  Water. 

64.  Physic  for  Cattle. 

21.  Nicking  Balsam. 

65.  Toiiic  for  Horses  &  Cattlo. 

22.  Thumps,  or    Palpitation  of 

66.  Cordial         "               " 

the  Heart. 

67.  Diuretic  Ball. 

23.  Shoulder  Jam  or  Sweney. 

68.  Diuretic  Powd^s. 

69.  Condition  Powlers. 

94.  Stoppage  of  the  Urine. 
25.  Physic  Ball. 

70.  Fever  Ball. 

26.  To  Remove  Warta. 

71.  Sedative  and  Worm  Ball. 

27.  Inflammation  of  ELindneys. 

72.  Anodyne  Ball. 

28.  Stifle  Sprains. 

73.  Cordial  a.stringent  drench. 

29.  Loss  of  Appetite. 

74.  Blister  Ointment. 

30.  liestorative  Liquid. 

75.  Powder  of  Angloberries. 

31.  Hoof  Liquid. 

76.  Fever  powder  for  Horses. 

32.  General  Liniment. 

77.  Astringent  ball  for  Horses. 

33.  Sore  Mouth  or  Tongue. 

78.  Stomach  Purg^ve  ball. 

34.  Mange. 

79.  For  fermenting  swollen  log». 

35.  To  Stop  Blood. 

80.  For  Distemper. 

36.  Chest  Founder. 

81!  To  Remove  Splints. 

37.  Melanders. 

82.  For  Worms  in  Horses. 

38.  Soap  Linement. 

83.  Spavin  Preparation. 

39.  Opedildoc. 

84.  For  the  Eye. 

40.  Heave  and  Bone  Ointment. 

85.  For  windgaUs  and  soft  puff*. 

41.  Lockjaw. 

86.  Thrush. 

42.  Heave  Powders  to  Ti-ade  on. 

87.  Hoof  Rot. 

48.  Gravel  in  the  Foot. 

88,  Hottv©  Remedy. 

1 


/ 


